@article { author = {Easa, Saadia and Hamdy, Abd El Hamid and Mekawey, Amal and Wadee, Ereny}, title = {Antifungal Activities of Some Plant Extracts against Pathogenic Fungi}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, pages = {1-19}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0872}, eissn = {2090-0880}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsg.2018.16310}, abstract = {Soil samples were collected from different localities in Cairo, and were assayed for keratinophilic fungi. Five species of fungi classified in two genera were isolated from Giza zoo (animal cages and parks), hospital, public park, local market, primary school, club, and garbage dumping site. Five plants were chosen to investigate their antifungal activity against five isolated dermatophytes: Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum boullardii, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton terrsetre, and Trichophyton verrucosum. The tested plants were Punica granatum (Pomegranate), Aloe vera, Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel), Allium ampeloprasum var. Kurrat (kurrat), and Ricinus communis (Castor bean). Plant extracts were prepared by three different solvents, hexane, ethyl acetate, and (80%) ethanol. The study shows that ethanolic extract of Punica granatum (Pomegranate), hexane, and ethanolic extract of Allium ampeloprasum var. Kurrat (kurrat) were effective against most of the tested organisms. Ethanolic extract of pomegranate and hexane extract of kurrat were chromatographed by column chromatography. Fractions from column chromatography were tested for antifungal activity. Ethyl acetate: ethanol (9:1) fraction of pomegranate (Punica granatum) and hexane: ethyl acetate (1:9) fraction of kurrat(Allium ampeloprasum var. Kurrat) showed antifungal activity against the fungal strains. These fractions were analyzed by Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrum (GC-MS).}, keywords = {Soil,Dermatophytes,antifungal activity,Plant extracts,pomegranate,kurrat}, url = {https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16310.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16310_99f65407c41a8ffc96985469823668f1.pdf} } @article { author = {I., Abou El Seoud and Mahmoud, Hoda and M., ELadly}, title = {Phosphorus Efficiency of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Genotypes Inoculated with Mycorrhizal Fungi under Calcareous Soil Conditions}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, pages = {21-35}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0872}, eissn = {2090-0880}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsg.2018.16311}, abstract = {Thisresearch aimed to study P efficiency of six wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum) inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi under three levels of P under calcareous soil conditions and to quantify the contribution of root growthand hyphae length in P uptake. Plants were grown in pots with three levels of Psupply in soil P0(without P fertilizer), P1 (50% of recommended Pfertilizer, 75 mg P/kg soil), and P2 (100%of recommended P fertilizer, 150 mg P/kg soil). Half of the pots weretreated with mixed mycorrhizalspecies (Glomus intraradices and Glomus macrocarpium) in with six replicates in randomized completeblock design. The wheat genotypes were harvested 85days after planting. The results showed that the response of shoot dry weightof wheat genotypes without mycorrhizae to increase of P supply was vigorousexcept genotype V6. In contrast, allthe wheat genotypes inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi were less. All wheatgenotypes with mycorrhizal inoculationexcept V4 with and without mycorrhizal and V6 without mycorrhizal attained more than 80% of its maximum shootyield already at the lower level available. Soall wheat genotypes with mycorrhizal inoculation were considered to be P efficient except V4 andall genotypes without mycorrhizal were regarded as P inefficient except V6. The wheat genotype V6 had extensive roots growth inlimited P supply (P0) and the shorter roots observed in wheat genotype V4. Thewheat genotype V6 had long hyphae length ascompared to other wheat genotypeswhereas the shorter hyphae lengthobserved in wheat genotype V4. The adaptation of wheat genotypes to low levelof soil P is closely related to better improved root system and the increase in the mycorrhizal hyphae length may be twoof the main possible mechanisms of P efficiency in wheat. At low and high P level, the genotype V6 was given the highest values with and withoutmycorrhizal inoculation followed by V3 and V2, whereasgenotype V4 was given the lowestvalues of the shoot P uptake followed by V5. In contrast, the results of this studysuggested that root growth system and mycorrhizal hyphae length would be  suitable parameters for selecting P efficientwheat genotypes especially under limited P supply.}, keywords = {Wheat genotypes,P levels,Mycorrhizal fungi,Calcareous soil}, url = {https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16311.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16311_062ed4ee0415d5d94053b0492b4a4d97.pdf} } @article { author = {I., Anyakorah and I., Amoo and C., Obi}, title = {Molecular Detection of Biogenic Bacteria During Biogas Production Using Domestic Feed Stock}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, pages = {37-45}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0872}, eissn = {2090-0880}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsg.2018.16312}, abstract = {Thesearch for a sustainable and environmental friendly energy has resulted to thedevelopment of an alternative renewable energy such as biogas. The objective ofthis work was to identify the presence of methanogenic bacteria in a short-termoperated biogas reactor fed with kitchen waste by PCR-amplification of themethyl coenzyme M reductase (mcrA). Household organic waste wasobtained from Bells University of Technology canteen while pig manure thatserved as the inoculum was obtained from a pig farm. Three replicate sampleswere taken every week and analysed for changes in the physico-chemicalparameters to determine their effects on the rate of biogas production. Resultsobtained showed that the % moisture and carbon contents, before and afterfermentation, were reduced from 88% to 80% and16.7% to 12.5%, while % nitrogen content increased from 1.20% to 1.70%. Themean weekly biogas production ranged from 27.4 ml to 147 ml at 4 weeks and 6weeks, respectively. Methyl coenzyme M reductase(mcrA) gene, which codes for the enzyme thatcatalyse the terminal step in methane production during the anaerobicfermentation of biomass, was amplified both inthe methanogenic bacteria and transformed E.coli with the fragment size of 500 bp.}, keywords = {Biogas. Methanogenic bacteria. Methyl coenzyme M reductase. PCR,amplification. Anaerobic digestion}, url = {https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16312.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16312_3721e2e4de7de47ea00f0f24d71f8b79.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Bakary, Mustafa and ElBaghdady, Khaled and Ageez, Amr}, title = {Identification of Endoglucanase Gene Responsible for Cellulose Degradation Using Aspergillus flavus}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, pages = {47-57}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0872}, eissn = {2090-0880}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsg.2018.16313}, abstract = {Twentytwo of cellulose-degrading fungal isolates were isolated from five differentsamples; rotted sugar cane bagasse, rotted plant, termites, soil and animalmanure. Out of 22 isolates, 21 strains showed hydrolyzing zone on agar platescontaining carboxy methyl cellulose after iodine staining. The fungal isolateNo. S4, exhibited the highest endoglucanase (CMCase) activity with (0.165IU/ml) in cellulase production culture. The bestexoglucanase (FPase) and endoglucanase (CMCase) of fungal isolate S4 wasobtained after incubation at 30°C for 7 days. Sugar cane bagasse (SCB) inducedthe production of FPase and CMCase with maximum activity of 3.6 fold and 2.2fold, respectively more than that of the maximum yield in case ofcarboxy methyl cellulose (CMC). The fungal isolate S4 was identified as Aspergillusflavus on the basis of 18S rRNA and ITS region sequence analysis.}, keywords = {Aspergillus flavus,cellulose degradation}, url = {https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16313.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16313_53c102ca140198aaa4a283813aff784b.pdf} } @article { author = {Elgamal, Nora and El- Beih, Fawkia and Hassnin, Saadia and Moharam, Maysa and El-Bendary, Magda and Abo Elsoud, Mostafa}, title = {Purification and Characterization of Fibrinolytic Enzyme Produced by Bacillus subtilis Egy.}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, pages = {59-68}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0872}, eissn = {2090-0880}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsg.2018.16314}, abstract = {A novel extracellular enzyme with strong fibrinolytic activity, produced by Bacillus subtilis Egy, which was isolated from the Egyptian soil was purified and characterized. The enzyme was secreted by cultured B. subtilis Egy under solid state fermentation and purified 21.5 purification fold using precipitation by ammonium sulphate followed by ion exchange chromatography, and gel filtration on Sephadex G- 100 chromatography. Purified enzyme showed optimum activity at 50oCreaction temperature and pH 8. Enzyme stability studies revealed that the enzymeis stable up to 30 °C and it retained 80% of its activity at 40oC.In addition, the purified enzyme is stable at pH 8-9. The fibrinolytic activity was enhanced by Mn2+,Cu2+, Ca2+, Na+,  and Ba2+ and inhibited by, Zn2+, and Hg2+. Moreover, the activity was decreased by EDTA and PMSF at 2 mM final  concentration.}, keywords = {Bacillus subtilis Egy,Fibrinolytic enzyme}, url = {https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16314.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16314_c13aa5de2cbce4c19e8521cd71d086c0.pdf} } @article { author = {Lafi, Shehab and Al-Shamarry, Mahmood and Ahmed, Mohamed and Ahmed, Waleed}, title = {Bacterial profile of Infected Traumatic Wound and the Antibiogram of predominant Bacterial Isolates Using Viteck Automated System in Ramadi Teaching Hospital, Iraq.}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, pages = {69-76}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0872}, eissn = {2090-0880}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsg.2018.17854}, abstract = {Background: Bacterial pathogens were seen more imposed in wound infections particularly traumatic wounds . Bacterial isolates tend to show high rate of resistance against antimicrobial agents due to bacterial prolonged exposure to such antimicrobial agents in treated patients and gaining  of antimicrobial resistance  genetic factors  and transfer between bacterial  generations. Aims of the study: This study aimed to show the bacterial profile of infected traumatic wounds and the antibiogram of the predominant bacterial isolates. Patients and methods :  Skin swabs  were taken from infected wounds of (60 patients were attending Ramadi Teaching Hospital during the period of one year period  (From Jan. to Dec. 2017). Bacterial investigations were done for each Specimen aseptically, bacterial isolates were diagnosed using biochemical criteria and confirmed identification was done using Vitec k2 system following.  Antimicrobial sensitivity test was done for bacterial isolates using the disc diffusion test method.  Results: It was found that a higher percentage of Gram negative bacterial isolates (42) than Gram positive types (18). Staphylococcus aureus took the first rank of isolation (13) followed by psedumonas aeruginosa, proteus mirabilis and klebsiella pneumonia., (11,11,10) isolates for each respectively.  All bacterial isolates showed good sensitivity to Levofloxacin, Imipenem and Carbapenem while all of them were resistant to Amoxil and  Ampicillin with variable resistance ratio to other antibiotics. In conclusion, different bacterial and antibiotic profiles were found for the isolated bacteria in addition to the high resistance rate to some antimicrobial agents so a continuous periodic  study for this category is required.}, keywords = {Traumaticwounds,Wound infections,Antibiogram}, url = {https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_17854.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_17854_2668c02ebf7d43923a6b83e49e29bd32.pdf} } @article { author = {M., Ali and Khalil, Rawdaa and Ramadan, H.}, title = {Relationship Between Storage Periods and microorganisms (Bacteria, Fungi and Yeasts) In Honey}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, pages = {77-84}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0872}, eissn = {2090-0880}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsg.2018.17855}, abstract = {The   relationship between storage periods and microorganisms (bacteria, fungi and   yeasts) in honey samples was evaluated. Ripe honey was collected from honey   bee colonies fed on natural flowers available in the study area in addition   plain sugar syrup (1:1). The population was 1.40, 1.80, 2.53, 3.47 and 4.90   colony/sample for bacteria; 0.30, 0.50, 0.90 1.60 and 2,20 colony/sample for   fungi and 2.70, 3.10, 3.90, 4.50 and 7.20 colony/sample for yeasts in honey   samples stored at zero, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, respectively. According to   isolation and identification procedures of microorganisms in tested honey   samples, three bacteria types Bacillus brevis, Bacillus cereus   and Clostridium botulism, four fungi types Aspergillus apis, Aspergillus   niger, Cladosporium sp. and Penicillium sp. and three   yeasts types Debaromyces sp., Lipomyces sp. and Saccharomyces   sp. were determined according to cultural, morphological and   physiological characters. The data also summarized that, fungi were the least   population when compared with bacteria and yeasts. Clostridium botulism   bacterium was the most frequency (%) compared with other bacteria types. A.   apis fungus was the most frequency (%) compared with other fungi types   and Lipomyces sp. yeast was the most frequency, meanwhile the yeast   Saccharomyces sp. was the least frequency. The data also summarized that,   the population and frequency (%) of microorganisms increased as increasing   the storage period.}, keywords = {Honey,Storage,microorganisms,Bacteria,fungi,yeasts}, url = {https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_17855.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_17855_dc7fb16da9dd04fb2ac9b47e97b1b560.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdel-Aziz, Douaa and Easa, Sadia and Abdel-Aziz, Reda and Badr El-Din, Said and Ibrahim, Nevin}, title = {Optimization of Cultural Conditions to Maximize the Efficiency of Petroleum Crude Oil-Degrading Bacteria}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, pages = {85-94}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0872}, eissn = {2090-0880}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsg.2018.17856}, abstract = {Theoptimization of cultural conditions to maximize the efficiency of petroleumcrude oil bioremediation by three bacterial strains, Alcaligenes faecalis,Microbacterium oxydans and Microbacterium Paraoxydans wereisolated from Tebbin, Al Kanater charity and Agiba, respectively. The mineralsalt medium was used, pH 7.5, temperature 30 oC and 30 daysof incubation showed the highest degradation of crude oil with the isolatedthree bacterial strains. Ammonium sulphate as a sole N-source and crude oil asa sole C-sources were more suitable for crude oil degradation at theconcentration of 0.2 % and 1.0 %, respectively. Inoculum size of 0.8 % was themost suitable inoculum for the degradation. Moreover, the agitation conditionwas advantages at 100 rpm than the static condition for the crude oildegradation by the three bacterial strains. }, keywords = {Petroleum crude oil Alcaligenes faecalis Microbacterium oxydans,Microbacterium paraoxydans,biodegradation,strain efficiency,bioremediation,cultural conditions}, url = {https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_17856.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_17856_bed6b8fcd6a679f161175cc024a7df42.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohamed, Tagreed and Mohammed, Galal Eldeen and Elmekki, Miskelyemen and Elhassan, Mogahid}, title = {Nocardial Mastitis among Dairy Animals in Khartoum State; Probability of Acquisition the Infection from Soil}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, pages = {95-99}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0872}, eissn = {2090-0880}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsg.2018.17857}, abstract = {Introduction: Nocardia spp are widely distributed group of actinomycetes that occur  in a wide   range  of  manmade and natural habitat  including  activated  sewage  sludge, soil, water  and  tissues  of  plants  and  animals including human. Nocardia causes many diseases, notably pulmonary infections in man and mastitis in animals. Methods: The study subjects included 300 milk samples and 20 soil samples from different farms in Khartoum State, which include Hilat Koko, Ghandahar, Al Silate and Almuaileh. Distribution of the enrolled milk samples was as follows; 100 from goats, 100 from cows and 100 from sheep. Soil samples distribution was as follows; All target samples were cultured on TSA and GYEA and then Gram’s stain and different biochemical tests were used for further identification. Finally, PCR targeting 16Sr RNA gene was carried out for all Nocardia isolates. Results: Dairy animals included in the present study were found to be infected with Nocardia species with different ratio; goats 13/87 (14.9%%), cows 11/77 (14.2%) and sheep 0/60 (0%). Other pathogenic bacteria were also identified in milk, these included Streptococcus, Dietzia,  Rhodococcus  and   Mycobacteria. Our findings proved also the existence of  Nocardia spp. among 35% (7/20) of the soil samples, three samples isolated from farms of  Hilat Koko, one sample from Ghandahar, two samples from Al Silate and one samples from Al muaileh. Conclusion In the present study, the Nocardia species were isolated and identified from the soil and milk samples of dairy animals of the same farms by conventional and molecular methods. This finding strongly suggest that soil could be the possible source for the infection of farm animals.}, keywords = {Nocardia,Mastitis Soil,Mycolic acid,TLC}, url = {https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_17857.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_17857_ccf8d699f1c4d5701e5c527705ea6f7d.pdf} }