Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology2090-08727120151201Identification study some virulence factors of invasive mold infections isolated from patients undergoing chemotherapy in Tikrit teaching Hospital1111648010.21608/eajbsg.2015.16480ENMilad AdnanMezherdepartment of biology/ Tikrit University /College of Education For Pure SciencesWa,ad MahmoudRa,oofDepartment of biology /Tikrit University / College Of PharmacyKhalil IbrahimBandarDepartment of biology/ Tikrit University /College Of ScienceJournal Article20181013Sixty two (62) samples were collected from out and inpatients admitted to Tikrit teaching hospital in Tikrit city. these specimens were collected from sputum of immunocopromised patients of both sexes and different ages.
19(30.6%) isolates from patients sputum, were infections more <em>A. fumigatus</em> (12.9%), <em>A. terreus</em> (6.5%), and <em>P. sp</em> (3.3%) while were (1.6%) of <em>A. niger, A. flavus, F. solani, P. chrysogenum </em>and <em>A. alternata</em>. The isolated were identified according morphological and Cultural characteristic.
It emerges from the study that fungal isolates produced various virulence factors since, hemolysin, protease and phospolypase production were produced in <em>A. fumigatus</em> (62.5%) hemolysin and phospholipase production, and (87.5%) protease production, while <em>A. terreus </em>protease and phospholypase production were (50%) and (25%) of hemolysin production, while <em>A. flavus, P. chrysogenum </em>and <em>A. alternata</em> isolates were no produced protease. <em>P</em>. <em>chrysogenum</em> were produce only hemolysin (100%). All isolates of <em>A</em>. <em>niger</em>, <em>F</em>. <em>solani</em> and <em>A</em>. <em>alternata </em>were phospolypase production (100%). https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16480_d5dda5a5937f2ac5bdd2b8a2f9f1045e.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology2090-08727120151201Molecular Detection of Echinococcus granulosus (G1) Strain in human and other intermediate host using molecular marker.13181648110.21608/eajbsg.2015.16481ENSuzan A.Al-NakeebAl- Taae Collage of Medicin- TikritMohammed A.KadirAl- Taae Collage of Medicin- TikritAbdul-RahmanA.Al- Taae Collage of Medicin- TikritJournal Article20181013<em>Echinococcus granulosus</em> is a cosmopolitan parasite causing cystic echinococcosis in humans and livestock. Hydatid disease is still a serious public health and economic problem. Is characterized by high intra- specific variability genotypes (G1- G10), the most common strain is sheep strain (G1) which is mostly responsible of human Echinococcosis.
The aim of this study was to prove molecular characterization of <em>Echinococcus granulosus </em>(G1) isolates which were obtained from human and livestock (sheep, cow and goat) by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in Kirkuk province of Iraq. A total of (40) isolates were obtained from patients after surgical operation and from Kirkuk- slaughter house, DNA samples were extracted from germinal layer of (7) human, (11) sheep, (17) cow and (5) goat. The specific primer for sheep strain G1 was provided for molecular characterization studies.
PCR resulted in a specific product of 400 bp. All isolates genotyped were clearly demonstrated G1 strain using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) gene. This is the first molecular study report genotyping of Echinococcus isolates in Kirkuk province, Iraq.https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16481_941f3bcfbfd1417de27bc6ac8fb2935c.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology2090-08727120151201Laccase Production From Trametes hirsuta and Decolourisation of Phenolic Textile Dye In a Laccase Mediator System (LMS)19271648210.21608/eajbsg.2015.16482ENAli A.TahaApplied Science Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, IraqNada H.Al-MudallalDepartment of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Al Iraqia, Baghdad, IraqGhassaq TariqSadiqBiotechnology Research Center , University of Al Nahrain , Baghdad, IraqMohammed OmarAbdullatifBiotechnology Research Center , University of Al Nahrain , Baghdad, IraqHaider AbdullzahraGlaiymBiotechnology Research Center , University of Al Nahrain , Baghdad, IraqHaralambosStamatisDepartment of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, GreeceBatol ImranDheebBiology Department/ Iraqia UniversityJournal Article20181013In<br />this study, fungal laccase was produced from <em>Trametes<br />hirsuta</em> DSMZ 5072 at 28 °C in a submerged<br />cultivation medium comprising: potato infusions from 200gm/L, glucose (1%) and malt<br />extract (1%). The maximum laccase activity<br />(129 U/L) was observed at day eight post-cultivation in the presence of 2mM of 2,5-xylidine, as an inducer. Fungal laccase from <em>Tramates<br />versicolor</em> as a commercial enzyme, and home prepared laccase from<em> T. hirsuta</em>, were used to decolourise phenol<br />red. The effects of initial medium pH, different<br />systems, type of mediator and incubation temperature were investigated. It was<br />observed that, for both commercial and homemade laccases, pH 4.5 allowed more<br />efficient decolourisation of the dye at 30 °C.<br />In an aqueous system, high decolourisation<br />percentages, of 42.8% and 36.4%, were revealed within 72 hours in the<br />presence of <em>T. versicolor </em>and <em>T. hirsuta </em>laccases respectively. The<br />degree of decolourisation increased in the aqueous system when a different<br />mediator was added. Results showed that the 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) has a much<br />better decolourisation ability than the other mediators tested, such that decolourisation<br />percentages as high as 73.6% and 79.4 were observed in the presence of 8mM HBT<br />and laccase from <em>T. hirsuta </em>(40 °C/120 minutes) or <em>T. versicolor</em><br />(30 °C/120 minutes), respectively.https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16482_d24adb0ef1f46ad2d2854850c914d1bc.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology2090-08727120151201Microbial Bioremediation of some Heavy Metals in Soils: An updated review29451648310.21608/eajbsg.2015.16483ENGosaGirmaDepartment of Biology, Stream of Natural Science, Asella College, Asella, Ethiopia
P.O. Box: 209, Asella, EthiopiaJournal Article20181013Nowadays, due to industrialization and extraction of<br />natural resources, soil and water pollution is one of the major global<br />concerns. During the recent era of environmental protection, the use of<br />microorganisms for the recovery of heavy metals from soil, sediments and water<br />as well as employment of plants for landfill applications has generated growing<br />attention. The role of microorganisms and plants in biotransformation of heavy<br />metals into nontoxic forms is well-documented, and understanding the molecular<br />mechanism of metal accumulation has numerous biotechnological implications for<br />bioremediation of metal-contaminated sites. The food and water we consume are<br />often contaminated with a range of chemicals and heavy metals, such as gold,<br />copper, nickel, zinc, lead, cadmium, arsenic, chromium, and mercury that are<br />associated with numerous diseases. Human activities like metalliferous mining<br />and smelting, agriculture, waste disposal or industry discharge these metals<br />which can produce harmful effects on human health when they are taken up in<br />amounts that cannot be processed by the organism. Many studies have demonstrated that microbes<br />have the ability to remove heavy metals from contaminated soils. Among others<br />some of the microorganisms that play great role in bioremediation of heavy<br />metals are <em>Pseudomonas spp. Alcaligenes spp., Arthrobacter spp., Bacillus spp.,<br />Corynebacterium spp., Flavobacterium spp., Azotobacter spp., Rhodococcus spp. Mycobacterium<br />spp., Nocardia spp., Methosinussp., Methanogens, Aspergilusniger, Pleurotusostreatus, Rhizopusarrhizus,<br />Stereumhirsutum, Phormidiumvalderium </em>and<br /><em>Ganodermaapplantus. </em>The encouraging evidence as to<br />the usefulness of microorganisms and their constituents for the<br />remediation of heavy metals from contaminated soils is reviewed in this<br />article.https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16483_9fb8ee3d00a90614275e27c52409c29a.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology2090-08727120151201Antimicrobial Activities of Seed and Leaf Extracts of Moringa oleifera against Common Clinical Microbial Isolates47521648410.21608/eajbsg.2015.16484ENOlaitan J.O.Department of Biological Science, Osun State University, PMB 4494, Osogbo, Osun State, NigeriaKareem S.O.Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, NigeriaAroyehun D.B.Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, NigeriaOmeike S.O.Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, NigeriaJournal Article20181013Seed<br />and leaf extracts of <em>Moringa oleifera</em><br />were tested against selected bacterial and fungal pathogens of clinical importance<br />comparing aqueous and ethylacetate efficacy as solvents of extraction. Agar disc and agar well diffusion methods were employed for<br />the tested bacteria and fungi respectively. While the bacteria included <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>,<em> Streptococcus pneumonia</em>, <em>Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia,<br />Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>and<em> Salmonella<br />typhi</em>, the fungal species were <em>Candida<br />albicans</em>, <em>Aspergillus niger </em>and<em> A. flavus</em>. The <em>in vitro</em> bioassay revealed that the ethylacetate seed extracts<br />showed better activity compared to the aqueous extracts, with the highest<br />effectivenessobserved in ethylacetate<br />extract against <em>E. coli</em> (23mm) and<br />lowest in aqueous extract against <em>A.<br />flavus</em> (6 mm). Conclusively, plant parts extracted with ethylacetate<br />proved to possess more antimicrobial activities than aqueous, thereby<br />suggesting ethylacetate as an effective solvent in the extraction of active<br />phytochemical compounds.https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16484_8abba7170c719d00adb8c96dbd193a41.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology2090-08727120151201Fungi associated with grapevine (Vitis vinifera L) decline in middle of Iraq53591648510.21608/eajbsg.2015.16485ENSamir K.AbdullahBiology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Zakho, Duhok, IraqMarwan Q.Al-SamarraieBiology Department, College of Science, University of Tikrit, Tikrit, IraqAkeel H.Al-AssieBiology Department, College of Science, University of Tikrit, Tikrit, IraqJournal Article20181013Fungal species associated with three (<em>Vitis vinifera</em> L.)cultivars exhibited decline grown in the main grapevine production area in Salahaldin province, middle Iraq were surveyed during 2012 – 2013. Based on microscopical and cultural characteristics, a total of 24 species in addition to non-sporulating mycelia were identified. The most frequently isolated fungi from shoots were <em>Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium cladosporoides, Cadophora</em> spp., <em>Clonostachys rosea</em>, <em>Penicillium</em> spp. <em>Phaeoacremonium</em> sp. I, <em>Neocytalidium dimidiatum</em> and <em>Stachybotrys atra</em>, whereas, <em>Fusarium</em> spp., <em>Acremonium </em>sp., <em>Cylindrocladiella viticola, Cylindrocarpon</em> spp., and <em>Phaeoacremonium</em> sp. 2, were the most frequently isolated fungi from roots. <em>C. viticola</em> is recorded for the first time from Iraq.https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16485_c353c443b9af68a5fc45e46b92448328.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology2090-08727120151201Mycobiota and Incidence of Toxigenic Fungi in Dried Fruits from Duhok Markets, North Iraq61681648610.21608/eajbsg.2015.16486ENAsia A. M.SaadullahBiology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Duhok, IraqSamir K.AbdullahBiology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Zakho, Duhok, IraqJournal Article20181013<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Thirty<br />samples from each of four dried fruits (apricot,fig,plum and raisins) collected<br />from local shops at Duhok governorate were surveyed for their contamination<br />with fungi.</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> Thirty eight fungal<br />species belonged to 13 genera in addition to yeasts were isolated and<br />identified. The highest diversity of fungi were detected from raisins (35<br />species), followed by 27 species isolated from plum, 26 species from figs and<br />18 species on apricot. Eleven species were found common on the four types of<br />dried fruits. These include <em>Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus carbonarius,<br />A. flavus, A.fumigatus, A.niger,<br />A.parasiticus, Penicillium citrinum, P.expansum,<br />Cladosporium cladosporoides, Emericella nidulans and Eurotium amstelodami</em>.Aflatoxigenic potentials of selected isolates of <em>Aspergillus</em><br />section <em>Flavi</em> and ochratoxigenic potential of selected isolates from <em>Aspergillus</em><br />section <em>Nigri</em> were detected by ELISA technique. Aflatoxin was found at<br />levels from 79.4 to 356ppb whereas, ochratoxin A at levels from 60-106ppb.</span>https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16486_fa8eb844e6bb0121d445126017f0c64c.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology2090-08727120151201The Antibacterial Activity Of Bee Venom On Selected Pathogenic Bacteria69751648710.21608/eajbsg.2015.16487ENAmany Z.SalemEntomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams UniversityEl-Sayed H.BedairBeekeeping, Agriculture Research Center, GizaWael R.HablasClinical pathology Department, Faculty of medicine Al-Azhar UniversityAbir A.ElfikyDirector of ANDI center of excellence in antivenom research, Vacsera, EgyptBasma I.HusseinFaculty of science Ain shams universityJournal Article20181013<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Honey<br />bee venom of <em>Apis mellifera carnica</em> with LD<sub>50</sub> equal to<br />290µg/mouse, was analyzed by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) to<br />perform its activity and found that it contains the most important active<br />compounds which are Melittin (52.1%), Phospholipase A2(11.9%), and Apamin (2.3%)<br />then tested against selected pathogenic bacteria <em>invitro</em>. The selected<br />bacteria were Methicillin resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>(MRSA), <em>Proteus<br />sp., E.coli ,Salmonella </em>sp., The results showed that bee venom has high<br />significant effect on Gram positive bacteria (MRSA), and from moderate to low<br />significance on gram negative bacteria (<em>Proteus </em>sp.<em>, E.coli ,<br />Salmonella</em> sp.) therefore Bee venom could be a promising alternative<br />antibiotic</span>https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16487_daf389bd10f2dd2fe31e70c33181d896.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology2090-08727120151201Frequency Distribution and Treatment Outcomes of Suspected Tuberculosis Patients at Civil Hospital Barikot Swat, Pakistan77821648810.21608/eajbsg.2015.16488ENTauseefAhmadFaculty of Health Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Hazara University Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Islamic Republic of PakistanHaroonAbdul MajidFaculty of Health Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Hazara University Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Islamic Republic of PakistanAkbarHussainFaculty of Health Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Hazara University Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Islamic Republic of PakistanMuhammadWaqarInstitute of Microbiology, University of Sindh Jamshoro Sindh, Islamic Republic of PakistanNajeebUllahDepartment of Biochemistry, Hazara University Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Islamic Republic of PakistanTariqUllahDepartment of Biochemistry, Hazara University Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Islamic Republic of PakistanJournal Article20181013<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Tuberculosis<br />(TB) is one of the major public health problems all over the world especially<br />in developing countries. The current study was design to assess the frequency<br />distribution of suspected TB patients and find out the treatment success rate<br />at Civil Hospital Barikot, Swat Pakistan. A retrospective study was conducted<br />from 1<sup>st</sup> January 2014 to 31<sup>st</sup> December 2014. A total of<br />211 suspected TB patients comprised male to female ratio was (44.08%) and<br />(55.92%) respectively were included in the study. Among the total registered<br />patients (40.28%) were pulmonary tuberculosis positive (PTB +ve), (33.65%) were<br />pulmonary tuberculosis negative (PTB –ve) and (26.07%) were extra-pulmonary<br />tuberculosis (EPTB). In term of treatment outcomes, (21.33%) were cured and<br />(76.78%) were treatment completed while all the registered cases were new<br />cases. It was concluded that the treatment success rate was notified high<br />(98.1%). </span>https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16488_ea9ee1e9fd2ed8b9d4357e2ee055ce2e.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology2090-08727120151201Detection and Growth of Eschericia coli and Salmonella in Jarjeer/Rocca while in Transit and Storage and Their Presence in the Prepared Salad Mixture Called Tabouleh83921648910.21608/eajbsg.2015.16489ENDennis J.RussellDepartment of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Science, American University of Sharjah, PO Box 26666, Sharjah, United Arab EmiratesJournal Article20181013Bacterial<br />analysis of jarjeer, five years after an earlier study, verified that the level<br />of contamination of salad greens by coliforms (14,644,283 cfu/g) and <em>E. coli<br /></em>(2,749,906 cfu/g) was statistically significantly higher(P= 0.026) and<br />occurring in 100% of the samples. Additional tests for <em>Salmonella</em> confirmed that this pathogen was also present on the<br />surface of the leaves as well as sequestered inside the leaf cells. Jarjeer had<br />57,606 cfu/g <em>E. coli</em> and 61,277 cfu/g<br /><em>Salmonella</em>, while parsley had 60,500<br />cfu/g <em>E. coli</em> and 75,750 cfu/g <em>Salmonella</em>. <em>Salmonella<br /></em>and <em>E. coli</em> tests of the salad<br />mixture tabouleh also showed extensive amounts for both of these bacteria and<br />confirmed their abundant presence in the prepared salads. The leaf surface <em>Salmonella</em> and <em>E. coli</em><br />were reduced with a mild disinfectant wash, but these sequestered bacteria<br />still remain alive inside the leaf tissues. <br />Jarjeer leaves were incubated between 25<sup>o</sup>C and 40<sup>o</sup>C<br />and the total coliform numbers increased significantly over a 24-hour period at temperatures ideal for coliform<br />growth. The greatest increase occurred<br />at 35<sup>o</sup>-40<sup>o</sup>C, which is the optimum temperature for <em>Salmonella</em>. Total coliforms and <em>E. coli</em> are multiplying inside the jarjeer leaves during shipment<br />and storage, especially near the temperature range ideal for human<br />pathogens. https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16489_7d79750a1f608c2a7c40acf7530b8ddf.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology2090-08727120151201Microbiological Study On Children Biscuits in Saudi Arabia931001649010.21608/eajbsg.2015.16490ENLatifa A.Al-HusnianPrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University
Saudi Arabia P.O. Box 102275 Riyadh 11675Muneera D. F.ALKahtaniPrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia P.O. Box 102275 Riyadh 11675Journal Article20181013Biscuits foods are a variety of quick breads popular in different forms throughout the Kingdom. This study aims to verify if the biscuits can cause food poisoning for children in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabiaor not. Therefore, a four samples of Biscuits were stored for few days. It was noticed that there are bacteria and fungi in all collected biscuits brands. Also, there is an increase in bacterial growth rate in Hein's biscuits in compressing to the other brands. Moreover, some biscuits caused food poisoning for children in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It was found Biscuits foods contaminated with pathogenic bacteria (<em>Staph aureus</em>; <em>Salmonella </em>sp; <em>E. coli</em>, and <em>P. saeruginosa</em>) and fungi (<em>Aspergillus; Alternaria </em>and <em>Fusarium</em>). Finally, the recommendation that Saudi authorities must turn its attention to this problem to solve the food poisoning for children in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16490_7d50f0df11815e7b49887dda2c5be3b7.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology2090-08727120151201Synergistic Effects of Honeys and Commonly Used Antibiotics on Gram Positive Bacteria1011091649110.21608/eajbsg.2015.16491ENMasoud E.A.Department of Applied Medical Sciences, Community College, Najran University, Saudi ArabiaAlqurashi A.M.Department of Applied Medical Sciences, Community College, Najran University, Saudi ArabiaAlamin A.A.Department of Applied Medical Sciences, Community College, Najran University, Saudi ArabiaJournal Article20181013This<br />study aimed to investigate the growth inhibitory effect of sidr and sommor<br />honeys and to evaluate the synergistic effects of various honey concentrations<br />and five antibiotics on gram-positive bacteria in vitro using agar well<br />diffusion and disk diffusion techniques. This is the first time for studying<br />the antibacterial activity and synergistic effect of sommor honey against<br />bacteria. The results indicated that sidr and sommor honeys had antibacterial<br />activity against the clinical isolates and reference strains of <em>S. aureus</em><br />and <em>Strept. pyogenes</em>. The<br />reference strains were more susceptible to sidr honey than sommor honey while<br />the clinical isolates were more susceptible to sommor honey than sidr<br />honey. Increasing honey concentrations<br />either alone or in combination with antibiotics was significantly increased<br />(P<0.05) the growth inhibition of the tested bacteria. The synergistic<br />effects of honeys with antibiotics were significantly (P<0.05) different<br />among the tested gram-positive bacteria. The highest synergistic effect was<br />observed against <em>Strept. pyogenes </em>clinical isolate when sidr and sommor<br />honeys combined with ofloxacin, pipracillin, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid and<br />sulphamethoxazole + trimethoprim. It can be concluded that sidr and sommor<br />honeys improved the antibiotic activity and presented a new avenue for<br />treatment of gram-positive bacterial infections.https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16491_8da43307784ca28cedf7796151618dda.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology2090-08727120151201Isolation and Identification of Bacteria for Camel's and Goat's Milk. Traditional Dairy of Saudi Arabia1111181649210.21608/eajbsg.2015.16492ENMuneera D. F.ALKahtaniPrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia P.O. Box 102275 Riyadh 11675Journal Article20181013Camels and goats fermented milk is a traditional product that consumed as a main type of food in nomadic areas of Saudi Arabia, and this bacterium is the predominant microorganism in the camels\sheep milk that is responsible for milk fermentation. In this study, high qualities of fresh milk samples were selected, isolated, and identified total of samples with a fact of 10 fresh milk samples from five different areas in Riyadh City representing North, South, East, and West of Riyadh for analysis. Bacteria have been isolated as follows: <em>Staphylococcus simulans</em>, <em>Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae</em>, <em>Aeromonas Hydrophila</em>, and <em>Pseudomonas putida</em>. In Camels and goats milk, the isolated bacteria were <em>Staphylococcus</em> sp bacteria and <em>Pseudomonas putida</em> with total of 50% of the study samples, and the isolated bacteria <em>Kocuria rosea</em> with 25% and bacteria <em>Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae</em> with 15% and bacteria <em>Aeromonas Hydrophila</em> with 10%. Bacteria were identified using a definition of bacteria VITEK 2 and the use of identification systems API 50 CHL API 2C AUX, respectively. The average concentration <em>psaudomonas</em> and <em>staphylococcus</em> 7.4loglÛ CFU ml7.7loglÛ CFU ml. All isolates of bacteria have been shown in test results and were positive for antibiotics <em>pseudomonas putida</em>, <em>kocuria rosea</em>, <em>Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, aeromonas hydrophila</em>, and <em>Staphylococcus simulant</em>.https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16492_cb3de03076c9228da0e0ea21acea4bb0.pdf