High Prevalence of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins (SEs) Virulence Genes Among Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Patients with Different Clinical Manifestations in Khartoum State, Sudan

Hamdan, Elsadig M.; Hassan, Asmaa A.; Amin, Safa A.; Ahmed, Hiba A.; Ataelmanan, Amany E.; Elhassan, Mogahid M.

doi:10.21608/eajbsg.2022.226663

High Prevalence of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins (SEs) Virulence Genes Among Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Patients with Different Clinical Manifestations in Khartoum State, Sudan

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Gezira, Sudan.

² Department of Dermatology Sudan Medical Specialization Board.

³ Department of Molecular Genetic and Bioinformatic, central laboratory, ministry of higher education and scientific research, Sudan.

⁴ Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical Laboratory Science program, Alnahda College, Sudan.

⁵ Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, PO Box 344, Al Madenah Al Monawarah, Saudi Arabia. - Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Sudan.

10.21608/eajbsg.2022.226663

Abstract

Background: Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) are family members of more than 20 different staphylococcal and streptococcal exotoxins. SEA and SEB are the most common toxins in staphylococcus-related food poisoning. Objectives The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of SEs Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from different clinical samples. Methods: A cross-sectional laboratory-based study was conducted from November 2020 to January 2021. To isolate and identify S. aureus, the conventional method and protein A latex test were used. MRSA was detected using methicillin (MET 5μg) by using the Kirby-Baur disk diffusion method. Extracted DNA was amplified for the specific Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) gene to confirm the SEA, SEB and SEC. Result: The SEA gene was observed among 120 (100%) clinical isolates. The combined staphylococcal enterotoxin genes A, B and C were found in 33.3% of the isolates. Respiratory tract infection (RTI) shows the highest percentage of SEA 28.3%. Conclusion: The present study showed a high prevalence of SEA in clinical settings at Khartoum State. A high prevalence of the combination of more than one gene occur in SEA with SEC, which was represented 82.5%. The present study showed a strong relationship between MRSA and SEA that could be due to a specific strain of MRSA carrying the SEA gene. Further studies should be done about Staphylococcal enterotoxins.

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