Identification study some virulence factors of invasive mold infections isolated from patients undergoing chemotherapy in Tikrit teaching Hospital
Milad
Mezher
department of biology/ Tikrit University /College of Education For Pure Sciences
author
Wa,ad
Ra,oof
Department of biology /Tikrit University / College Of Pharmacy
author
Khalil
Bandar
Department of biology/ Tikrit University /College Of Science
author
text
article
2015
eng
Sixty two (62) samples were collected from out and inpatients admitted to Tikrit teaching hospital in Tikrit city. these specimens were collected from sputum of immunocopromised patients of both sexes and different ages.
19(30.6%) isolates from patients sputum, were infections more A. fumigatus (12.9%), A. terreus (6.5%), and P. sp (3.3%) while were (1.6%) of A. niger, A. flavus, F. solani, P. chrysogenum and A. alternata. The isolated were identified according morphological and Cultural characteristic.
It emerges from the study that fungal isolates produced various virulence factors since, hemolysin, protease and phospolypase production were produced in A. fumigatus (62.5%) hemolysin and phospholipase production, and (87.5%) protease production, while A. terreus protease and phospholypase production were (50%) and (25%) of hemolysin production, while A. flavus, P. chrysogenum and A. alternata isolates were no produced protease. P. chrysogenum were produce only hemolysin (100%). All isolates of A. niger, F. solani and A. alternata were phospolypase production (100%).
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
2090-0872
7
v.
1
no.
2015
1
11
https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16480_d5dda5a5937f2ac5bdd2b8a2f9f1045e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajbsg.2015.16480
Molecular Detection of Echinococcus granulosus (G1) Strain in human and other intermediate host using molecular marker.
Suzan
Al-Nakeeb
Al- Taae Collage of Medicin- Tikrit
author
Mohammed
Kadir
Al- Taae Collage of Medicin- Tikrit
author
Abdul-Rahman
A.
Al- Taae Collage of Medicin- Tikrit
author
text
article
2015
eng
Echinococcus granulosus is a cosmopolitan parasite causing cystic echinococcosis in humans and livestock. Hydatid disease is still a serious public health and economic problem. Is characterized by high intra- specific variability genotypes (G1- G10), the most common strain is sheep strain (G1) which is mostly responsible of human Echinococcosis.
The aim of this study was to prove molecular characterization of Echinococcus granulosus (G1) isolates which were obtained from human and livestock (sheep, cow and goat) by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in Kirkuk province of Iraq. A total of (40) isolates were obtained from patients after surgical operation and from Kirkuk- slaughter house, DNA samples were extracted from germinal layer of (7) human, (11) sheep, (17) cow and (5) goat. The specific primer for sheep strain G1 was provided for molecular characterization studies.
PCR resulted in a specific product of 400 bp. All isolates genotyped were clearly demonstrated G1 strain using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) gene. This is the first molecular study report genotyping of Echinococcus isolates in Kirkuk province, Iraq.
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
2090-0872
7
v.
1
no.
2015
13
18
https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16481_941f3bcfbfd1417de27bc6ac8fb2935c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajbsg.2015.16481
Laccase Production From Trametes hirsuta and Decolourisation of Phenolic Textile Dye In a Laccase Mediator System (LMS)
Ali
Taha
Applied Science Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
author
Nada
Al-Mudallal
Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Al Iraqia, Baghdad, Iraq
author
Ghassaq
Sadiq
Biotechnology Research Center , University of Al Nahrain , Baghdad, Iraq
author
Mohammed
Abdullatif
Biotechnology Research Center , University of Al Nahrain , Baghdad, Iraq
author
Haider
Glaiym
Biotechnology Research Center , University of Al Nahrain , Baghdad, Iraq
author
Haralambos
Stamatis
Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
author
Batol
Dheeb
Biology Department/ Iraqia University
author
text
article
2015
eng
Inthis study, fungal laccase was produced from Trameteshirsuta DSMZ 5072 at 28 °C in a submergedcultivation medium comprising: potato infusions from 200gm/L, glucose (1%) and maltextract (1%). The maximum laccase activity(129 U/L) was observed at day eight post-cultivation in the presence of 2mM of 2,5-xylidine, as an inducer. Fungal laccase from Tramatesversicolor as a commercial enzyme, and home prepared laccase from T. hirsuta, were used to decolourise phenolred. The effects of initial medium pH, differentsystems, type of mediator and incubation temperature were investigated. It wasobserved that, for both commercial and homemade laccases, pH 4.5 allowed moreefficient decolourisation of the dye at 30 °C.In an aqueous system, high decolourisationpercentages, of 42.8% and 36.4%, were revealed within 72 hours in thepresence of T. versicolor and T. hirsuta laccases respectively. Thedegree of decolourisation increased in the aqueous system when a differentmediator was added. Results showed that the 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) has a muchbetter decolourisation ability than the other mediators tested, such that decolourisationpercentages as high as 73.6% and 79.4 were observed in the presence of 8mM HBTand laccase from T. hirsuta (40 °C/120 minutes) or T. versicolor(30 °C/120 minutes), respectively.
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
2090-0872
7
v.
1
no.
2015
19
27
https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16482_d24adb0ef1f46ad2d2854850c914d1bc.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajbsg.2015.16482
Microbial Bioremediation of some Heavy Metals in Soils: An updated review
Gosa
Girma
Department of Biology, Stream of Natural Science, Asella College, Asella, Ethiopia
P.O. Box: 209, Asella, Ethiopia
author
text
article
2015
eng
Nowadays, due to industrialization and extraction ofnatural resources, soil and water pollution is one of the major globalconcerns. During the recent era of environmental protection, the use ofmicroorganisms for the recovery of heavy metals from soil, sediments and wateras well as employment of plants for landfill applications has generated growingattention. The role of microorganisms and plants in biotransformation of heavymetals into nontoxic forms is well-documented, and understanding the molecularmechanism of metal accumulation has numerous biotechnological implications forbioremediation of metal-contaminated sites. The food and water we consume areoften contaminated with a range of chemicals and heavy metals, such as gold,copper, nickel, zinc, lead, cadmium, arsenic, chromium, and mercury that areassociated with numerous diseases. Human activities like metalliferous miningand smelting, agriculture, waste disposal or industry discharge these metalswhich can produce harmful effects on human health when they are taken up inamounts that cannot be processed by the organism. Many studies have demonstrated that microbeshave the ability to remove heavy metals from contaminated soils. Among otherssome of the microorganisms that play great role in bioremediation of heavymetals are Pseudomonas spp. Alcaligenes spp., Arthrobacter spp., Bacillus spp.,Corynebacterium spp., Flavobacterium spp., Azotobacter spp., Rhodococcus spp. Mycobacteriumspp., Nocardia spp., Methosinussp., Methanogens, Aspergilusniger, Pleurotusostreatus, Rhizopusarrhizus,Stereumhirsutum, Phormidiumvalderium andGanodermaapplantus. The encouraging evidence as tothe usefulness of microorganisms and their constituents for theremediation of heavy metals from contaminated soils is reviewed in thisarticle.
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
2090-0872
7
v.
1
no.
2015
29
45
https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16483_9fb8ee3d00a90614275e27c52409c29a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajbsg.2015.16483
Antimicrobial Activities of Seed and Leaf Extracts of Moringa oleifera against Common Clinical Microbial Isolates
Olaitan
O.
Department of Biological Science, Osun State University, PMB 4494, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
author
Kareem
O.
Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
author
Aroyehun
B.
Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
author
Omeike
O.
Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
author
text
article
2015
eng
Seedand leaf extracts of Moringa oleiferawere tested against selected bacterial and fungal pathogens of clinical importancecomparing aqueous and ethylacetate efficacy as solvents of extraction. Agar disc and agar well diffusion methods were employed forthe tested bacteria and fungi respectively. While the bacteria included Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonellatyphi, the fungal species were Candidaalbicans, Aspergillus niger and A. flavus. The in vitro bioassay revealed that the ethylacetate seed extractsshowed better activity compared to the aqueous extracts, with the highesteffectivenessobserved in ethylacetateextract against E. coli (23mm) andlowest in aqueous extract against A.flavus (6 mm). Conclusively, plant parts extracted with ethylacetateproved to possess more antimicrobial activities than aqueous, therebysuggesting ethylacetate as an effective solvent in the extraction of activephytochemical compounds.
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
2090-0872
7
v.
1
no.
2015
47
52
https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16484_8abba7170c719d00adb8c96dbd193a41.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajbsg.2015.16484
Fungi associated with grapevine (Vitis vinifera L) decline in middle of Iraq
Samir
Abdullah
Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Zakho, Duhok, Iraq
author
Marwan
Al-Samarraie
Biology Department, College of Science, University of Tikrit, Tikrit, Iraq
author
Akeel
Al-Assie
Biology Department, College of Science, University of Tikrit, Tikrit, Iraq
author
text
article
2015
eng
Fungal species associated with three (Vitis vinifera L.)cultivars exhibited decline grown in the main grapevine production area in Salahaldin province, middle Iraq were surveyed during 2012 – 2013. Based on microscopical and cultural characteristics, a total of 24 species in addition to non-sporulating mycelia were identified. The most frequently isolated fungi from shoots were Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium cladosporoides, Cadophora spp., Clonostachys rosea, Penicillium spp. Phaeoacremonium sp. I, Neocytalidium dimidiatum and Stachybotrys atra, whereas, Fusarium spp., Acremonium sp., Cylindrocladiella viticola, Cylindrocarpon spp., and Phaeoacremonium sp. 2, were the most frequently isolated fungi from roots. C. viticola is recorded for the first time from Iraq.
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
2090-0872
7
v.
1
no.
2015
53
59
https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16485_c353c443b9af68a5fc45e46b92448328.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajbsg.2015.16485
Mycobiota and Incidence of Toxigenic Fungi in Dried Fruits from Duhok Markets, North Iraq
Asia
Saadullah
Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Duhok, Iraq
author
Samir
Abdullah
Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Zakho, Duhok, Iraq
author
text
article
2015
eng
Thirtysamples from each of four dried fruits (apricot,fig,plum and raisins) collectedfrom local shops at Duhok governorate were surveyed for their contaminationwith fungi. Thirty eight fungalspecies belonged to 13 genera in addition to yeasts were isolated andidentified. The highest diversity of fungi were detected from raisins (35species), followed by 27 species isolated from plum, 26 species from figs and18 species on apricot. Eleven species were found common on the four types ofdried fruits. These include Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus carbonarius,A. flavus, A.fumigatus, A.niger,A.parasiticus, Penicillium citrinum, P.expansum,Cladosporium cladosporoides, Emericella nidulans and Eurotium amstelodami.Aflatoxigenic potentials of selected isolates of Aspergillussection Flavi and ochratoxigenic potential of selected isolates from Aspergillussection Nigri were detected by ELISA technique. Aflatoxin was found atlevels from 79.4 to 356ppb whereas, ochratoxin A at levels from 60-106ppb.
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
2090-0872
7
v.
1
no.
2015
61
68
https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16486_fa8eb844e6bb0121d445126017f0c64c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajbsg.2015.16486
The Antibacterial Activity Of Bee Venom On Selected Pathogenic Bacteria
Amany
Salem
Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University
author
El-Sayed
Bedair
Beekeeping, Agriculture Research Center, Giza
author
Wael
Hablas
Clinical pathology Department, Faculty of medicine Al-Azhar University
author
Abir
Elfiky
Director of ANDI center of excellence in antivenom research, Vacsera, Egypt
author
Basma
Hussein
Faculty of science Ain shams university
author
text
article
2015
eng
Honeybee venom of Apis mellifera carnica with LD50 equal to290µg/mouse, was analyzed by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) toperform its activity and found that it contains the most important activecompounds which are Melittin (52.1%), Phospholipase A2(11.9%), and Apamin (2.3%)then tested against selected pathogenic bacteria invitro. The selectedbacteria were Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Proteussp., E.coli ,Salmonella sp., The results showed that bee venom has highsignificant effect on Gram positive bacteria (MRSA), and from moderate to lowsignificance on gram negative bacteria (Proteus sp., E.coli ,Salmonella sp.) therefore Bee venom could be a promising alternativeantibiotic
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
2090-0872
7
v.
1
no.
2015
69
75
https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16487_daf389bd10f2dd2fe31e70c33181d896.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajbsg.2015.16487
Frequency Distribution and Treatment Outcomes of Suspected Tuberculosis Patients at Civil Hospital Barikot Swat, Pakistan
Tauseef
Ahmad
Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Hazara University Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Islamic Republic of Pakistan
author
Haroon
Abdul Majid
Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Hazara University Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Islamic Republic of Pakistan
author
Akbar
Hussain
Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Hazara University Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Islamic Republic of Pakistan
author
Muhammad
Waqar
Institute of Microbiology, University of Sindh Jamshoro Sindh, Islamic Republic of Pakistan
author
Najeeb
Ullah
Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Islamic Republic of Pakistan
author
Tariq
Ullah
Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Islamic Republic of Pakistan
author
text
article
2015
eng
Tuberculosis(TB) is one of the major public health problems all over the world especiallyin developing countries. The current study was design to assess the frequencydistribution of suspected TB patients and find out the treatment success rateat Civil Hospital Barikot, Swat Pakistan. A retrospective study was conductedfrom 1st January 2014 to 31st December 2014. A total of211 suspected TB patients comprised male to female ratio was (44.08%) and(55.92%) respectively were included in the study. Among the total registeredpatients (40.28%) were pulmonary tuberculosis positive (PTB +ve), (33.65%) werepulmonary tuberculosis negative (PTB –ve) and (26.07%) were extra-pulmonarytuberculosis (EPTB). In term of treatment outcomes, (21.33%) were cured and(76.78%) were treatment completed while all the registered cases were newcases. It was concluded that the treatment success rate was notified high(98.1%).
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
2090-0872
7
v.
1
no.
2015
77
82
https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16488_ea9ee1e9fd2ed8b9d4357e2ee055ce2e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajbsg.2015.16488
Detection and Growth of Eschericia coli and Salmonella in Jarjeer/Rocca while in Transit and Storage and Their Presence in the Prepared Salad Mixture Called Tabouleh
Dennis
Russell
Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Science, American University of Sharjah, PO Box 26666, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
author
text
article
2015
eng
Bacterialanalysis of jarjeer, five years after an earlier study, verified that the levelof contamination of salad greens by coliforms (14,644,283 cfu/g) and E. coli(2,749,906 cfu/g) was statistically significantly higher(P= 0.026) andoccurring in 100% of the samples. Additional tests for Salmonella confirmed that this pathogen was also present on thesurface of the leaves as well as sequestered inside the leaf cells. Jarjeer had57,606 cfu/g E. coli and 61,277 cfu/gSalmonella, while parsley had 60,500cfu/g E. coli and 75,750 cfu/g Salmonella. Salmonellaand E. coli tests of the saladmixture tabouleh also showed extensive amounts for both of these bacteria andconfirmed their abundant presence in the prepared salads. The leaf surface Salmonella and E. coliwere reduced with a mild disinfectant wash, but these sequestered bacteriastill remain alive inside the leaf tissues. Jarjeer leaves were incubated between 25oC and 40oCand the total coliform numbers increased significantly over a 24-hour period at temperatures ideal for coliformgrowth. The greatest increase occurredat 35o-40oC, which is the optimum temperature for Salmonella. Total coliforms and E. coli are multiplying inside the jarjeer leaves during shipmentand storage, especially near the temperature range ideal for humanpathogens.
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
2090-0872
7
v.
1
no.
2015
83
92
https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16489_7d79750a1f608c2a7c40acf7530b8ddf.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajbsg.2015.16489
Microbiological Study On Children Biscuits in Saudi Arabia
Latifa
Al-Husnian
Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University
Saudi Arabia P.O. Box 102275 Riyadh 11675
author
Muneera
ALKahtani
Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia P.O. Box 102275 Riyadh 11675
author
text
article
2015
eng
Biscuits foods are a variety of quick breads popular in different forms throughout the Kingdom. This study aims to verify if the biscuits can cause food poisoning for children in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabiaor not. Therefore, a four samples of Biscuits were stored for few days. It was noticed that there are bacteria and fungi in all collected biscuits brands. Also, there is an increase in bacterial growth rate in Hein's biscuits in compressing to the other brands. Moreover, some biscuits caused food poisoning for children in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It was found Biscuits foods contaminated with pathogenic bacteria (Staph aureus; Salmonella sp; E. coli, and P. saeruginosa) and fungi (Aspergillus; Alternaria and Fusarium). Finally, the recommendation that Saudi authorities must turn its attention to this problem to solve the food poisoning for children in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
2090-0872
7
v.
1
no.
2015
93
100
https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16490_7d50f0df11815e7b49887dda2c5be3b7.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajbsg.2015.16490
Synergistic Effects of Honeys and Commonly Used Antibiotics on Gram Positive Bacteria
Masoud
A.
Department of Applied Medical Sciences, Community College, Najran University, Saudi Arabia
author
Alqurashi
M.
Department of Applied Medical Sciences, Community College, Najran University, Saudi Arabia
author
Alamin
A.
Department of Applied Medical Sciences, Community College, Najran University, Saudi Arabia
author
text
article
2015
eng
Thisstudy aimed to investigate the growth inhibitory effect of sidr and sommorhoneys and to evaluate the synergistic effects of various honey concentrationsand five antibiotics on gram-positive bacteria in vitro using agar welldiffusion and disk diffusion techniques. This is the first time for studyingthe antibacterial activity and synergistic effect of sommor honey againstbacteria. The results indicated that sidr and sommor honeys had antibacterialactivity against the clinical isolates and reference strains of S. aureusand Strept. pyogenes. Thereference strains were more susceptible to sidr honey than sommor honey whilethe clinical isolates were more susceptible to sommor honey than sidrhoney. Increasing honey concentrationseither alone or in combination with antibiotics was significantly increased(P<0.05) the growth inhibition of the tested bacteria. The synergisticeffects of honeys with antibiotics were significantly (P<0.05) differentamong the tested gram-positive bacteria. The highest synergistic effect wasobserved against Strept. pyogenes clinical isolate when sidr and sommorhoneys combined with ofloxacin, pipracillin, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid andsulphamethoxazole + trimethoprim. It can be concluded that sidr and sommorhoneys improved the antibiotic activity and presented a new avenue fortreatment of gram-positive bacterial infections.
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
2090-0872
7
v.
1
no.
2015
101
109
https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16491_8da43307784ca28cedf7796151618dda.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajbsg.2015.16491
Isolation and Identification of Bacteria for Camel's and Goat's Milk. Traditional Dairy of Saudi Arabia
Muneera
ALKahtani
Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia P.O. Box 102275 Riyadh 11675
author
text
article
2015
eng
Camels and goats fermented milk is a traditional product that consumed as a main type of food in nomadic areas of Saudi Arabia, and this bacterium is the predominant microorganism in the camels\sheep milk that is responsible for milk fermentation. In this study, high qualities of fresh milk samples were selected, isolated, and identified total of samples with a fact of 10 fresh milk samples from five different areas in Riyadh City representing North, South, East, and West of Riyadh for analysis. Bacteria have been isolated as follows: Staphylococcus simulans, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Aeromonas Hydrophila, and Pseudomonas putida. In Camels and goats milk, the isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus sp bacteria and Pseudomonas putida with total of 50% of the study samples, and the isolated bacteria Kocuria rosea with 25% and bacteria Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae with 15% and bacteria Aeromonas Hydrophila with 10%. Bacteria were identified using a definition of bacteria VITEK 2 and the use of identification systems API 50 CHL API 2C AUX, respectively. The average concentration psaudomonas and staphylococcus 7.4loglÛ CFU ml7.7loglÛ CFU ml. All isolates of bacteria have been shown in test results and were positive for antibiotics pseudomonas putida, kocuria rosea, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, aeromonas hydrophila, and Staphylococcus simulant.
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
2090-0872
7
v.
1
no.
2015
111
118
https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16492_cb3de03076c9228da0e0ea21acea4bb0.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajbsg.2015.16492