ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Prevention of Proteus mirabilis Biofilm by Surfactant Solution
Background:
The crystalline biofilms formed by Proteus mirabilis can seriously complicate the care of patients undergoing bladder catheterization, the prevention of crystalline biofilms is important to avoid urinary catheter complications. The surfactant of Lactobacillus acidophilus can be interacting with attachment of many microorganisms.
Aims of the study:
1- To detect the biofilm formation ability of Proteus mirabilis isolates in urinary catheter.
2- To detect the growth and biofilm formation ability of Proteus mirabilis isolates on 96-wells microtiter plates.
3- To study the role of Lactobacillus acidophilus surfactant in biofilm formed by Proteus mirabilis isolates.
Materials and methods:
Since Jan/2011 to Jan/2012 a 48 isolates of Proteus mirabilis were isolated from the encrusted catheter of a patient undergoing indwelling catheterization in Al-Ramadi General Hospital while Lactobacillus acidophilus isolate was obtained from urogenital tracts of healthy woman by vaginal swab and surfactant was extracted from it. The biofilm formation on catheters, quantitative assays of biofilm formation and biofilm inhibition assay by surfactant were studied.
Results:
Fourty five 45 (93.75%) P. mirabilis isolates produced a biofilm in urinary catheter while 3 (6.25%) isolates were not produce biofilm while 48 (100%) isolates forms good biofilms results on 96-wells microtiter plate, in brain heart infusion broth with 0.2% glucose, and at 37°C. The growth of P. mirabilis isolates in 96-well microtiter plates were determine at OD630, the optimum growth of P. mirabilis isolates were recorded after 48 hours of incubation (OD630= 0.65). Biofilm kinetics of P. mirabilis isolates refers to that attached cells increased with time and the maximum biofilm formation ratio occurs at 48 hours of incubation (OD550= 0.70).
Surfactant show a good ability to inhibit biofilm formation, the increasing amounts of surfactant led to a decrease in the amount of biofilm formed by P. mirabilis isolates and that 6.0 µg/ml of surfactant was more than sufficient to completely abolish biofilm formation.
https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16653_548f2806d1602aaea7a1e3b099bbb6d7.pdf
2012-12-01
1
8
10.21608/eajbsg.2012.16653
Biofilm
Surfactant
P. mirabilism
L. acidophilus
Omar
Ali
omarmed77@yahoo.com
1
Dept.of Microbiol, College of Medicine, Alanbar University Ramadi, west of Iraq
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Biorepress of fumonisin B1 production and their phytotoxicity on growth and ultrastructures of Maize (Zea mays) Seedlings
The results clearly indicated that the seed germinibility in the presence of FB1 was decreased with increasing their concentration, whereas the germinibility was uncompletely ceased at high concentrations, a slight initial lag in germination observed at lowest concentration 28.57 µg /ml and highest concentration 64.11 µg /ml, respectively compared with the control. At concentration of FB1 (28.57 µg /ml), elongation of the hypocotyls and epicotyls in seedlings slightly inhibited compared with the control. Chlorophyll a and b content of seedlings of Zea mays decreased with increasing concentrations of Fumonisin B1. Chlorophyll a content was 6.23, 3.88 and 3.91 (mg/ g fresh weight) at concentrations 28.57, 40.54 and 64.11 (µg /ml) of Fumonisin B1 compared with the control 8.55 mg/ g fresh weight. The ultrastructural studies indicate that there were dramatic differences between the treated and untreated tissues of Zea mays seedlings with the toxin FB1. The treated cells with FB1 are highly vacuolated compared with the untreated cells. Thin layer of external epidermis was observed in untreated cells while thick layer of external epidermis in treated cells was appeared.Sacchaaromyces cerevisiae reduced FB1 to 40.54 (µg /ml) compared with control 64.11(µg /ml) .On the other hand Trichoderma harizianum was more efficient in FB1productivity where productivity was reduced to 28.57 (µg /ml) with 44.56 %.
https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16655_1b65cd9022e7f5eae619f55b56c6c20d.pdf
2012-12-01
9
20
10.21608/eajbsg.2012.16655
Biorepress
fumonisin B1
Phytotoxicity
ultrastructures
Al Abboud
A.
1
Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Bacterial Urinary Tract infection in adults, Hit District Anbar Governorate, west of Iraq.
Background:
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the health problems in the community in all ages and both sexes. Many organisms are involved particularly enteric bacteria in females. Antimicrobial resistance of bacterial pathogen are complaining treatment and recovery of infected individuals. So UTI become more complicated and recurrent trouble maker infection for community.
Aims of the study
This study was devoted to focus on the main bacterial pathogens causing UTI in adult patients from both sexes in Hit District as well as to show the Antibiogram of the predominant bacterial isolate from patients.
Patients and methods
Mid- stream urine specimens were collected from adult males and females, each specimen was cultivated on blood agar and Mac Conkey agar and incubated at 37C aerobically for 24 hours. Bacterial isolates were identified with Gram stain and biochemical tests. Predominant bacterial isolate, E. coli was tested for antimicrobial sensitivity test by disk diffusion test (Kerby-Bauer Technique).
Results
Adults females were showing higher rate of UTI than adult males (77.8 %), (263) and (59.6%), (37) respectively. E. coli took first rank of isolation in both sexes, 26.5 % in males and 40.8% in females. Staphylococcus became next (73), (25.26%) while proteus mirabilis was showing third rank of isolation in both sexes. Regarding Antibiogram, E coli showed high sensitivity for imipenium (95.5%) followed by Amikacin (90.2%) while studied E coli isolate showed high tare of resistance to Ampicillin and Cotrimasol-Methprim.
Conclusion:
We can conclude from this study that UTI is an important infection in community and enteric bacteria particularly E. coli is an important causative agent. So precautions must be taken by people to prevent infection. Community education in self hygiene and social status must be done. Physicians must care of multi drug resistant E. coli during manipulation UTI
https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16656_7ab04e40b311a43b178365da817ffc4c.pdf
2012-12-01
21
26
10.21608/eajbsg.2012.16656
UTI
Antibiogram
E. coli
Hit city
Shehab
Lafi
1
Medical Microbiology Department College of Medicine Anbar Uni. West of Iraq
AUTHOR
Atheer
Alkarboly
2
College of Pharmacy Anbar Uni. West of Iraq
AUTHOR
Mohamad
Lafi
3
Medical Technologist, Anbar Health Deputy Affairs., Hit
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Potential 17- β Estradiol degrader Bacterium Isolated from Sewage water
A successful 17 β estradiol (E2) degrading bacterium was isolated from waste water of Saft Elhena drain in Egypt. Molecular identification of the isolated bacteria was carried out using DNA (RAPD), the amplification was made by restriction analysis of amplified 16s rDNA and sequencing. Alos, the bacterium was incubated in saline media under different levels of 17 β-estradiol anaerobically. Levels of CO2 production were examined by GC and residual 17 β-estradiol was tested by HPLC to measure biodegradation capacity. Identification of the genetic element responsible of the gene resistance in the bacteria was tested. The sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene for 17 β estradiol degrader bacterium showed that its affiliations to phylum Enterobacteriaceae, and it belonged to the genera Klebsiella sp. Results revealed that Klebsilla was cabable of degrading estradiol and that the responsible resistance gene was mostly the chromosomal gene. However, further studies are still going on to locate and examine the gene responsible for E2 resistance.
https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16657_e3ae6a40c55c6bee37e2d58e7916e11c.pdf
2012-12-01
27
34
10.21608/eajbsg.2012.16657
17 β-estradiol
Degradation
Curing
carbon production
Nagwa
Elnwishy
1
-Department of Biotechnology, center of chemistry and chemical engineering, Lund university, Sweden -Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Suez Canal University, (New Campus), Ismailia 41522, Egypt
AUTHOR
Amro
Hanora
2
-Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Suez Canal University, (New Campus), Ismailia 41522, Egypt -Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
AUTHOR
Raafat
Afifi
3
-Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt -Department of Biology, Almadinah Almonawara, Tybah university, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR
Helmy
Omranf
4
-Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt -Department of Food Technology, faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522,, Egypt
AUTHOR
Bo
Matiasson
5
Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Suez Canal University, (New Campus), Ismailia 41522, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparison between Haemagglutination Inhibition and Complement Fixation Tests in Detecting Antibodies Responses Following Influenza Viral Infection
Objectives: To evaluate sensitivity and specificity of HI and CF tests for detecting antibody responses following naturally occurring influenza A and B infections.
Methods: One hundred and twenty blood samples were drawn from one hundred patients with flue-like illness and twenty apparently healthy control subjects and tested at Central Health Laboratory in Baghdad/ Iraq using HI and CF tests for detecting three currently circulating influenza A and B strains during the period from the 1st of January 2008 to the 1st of June 2009.
Results: 78-80% of the patients with flu-like illness responded to a t least one of three influenza virus antigens as measured by HI, while 34-35% of those patients showed a response by CF test.
Conclusions: HI test has a higher sensitivity and lower specificity than CF test for detecting antibody responses from patients with influenza A and B viral infections.
https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16658_0a413dae12a38b8358323e290ce0641d.pdf
2012-12-01
35
38
10.21608/eajbsg.2012.16658
Influenza viruses
HI
CF
Influenza serology
Muthana
Al-zobaei
1
Medical Microbiology, Microbiol. Dept. Virology, College of Medicine, Univ. Anbar
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Clinical Data Suggested Proliferative Enteropathy-Free Horses in Saudi Arabia
Proliferative enteropathy (PE) is a recently described disease of horses that is characterized by signs of elevated body temperature, weight loss, diarrhea and death. This disease is caused by Lawsonia intracellularis. The goal of this study was to determine if horses in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia were clinically affected with L. intracellularis. Total of 246 foals less than two years old were examined. The foals were observed for signs of proliferative enteropathy such as colic, diarrhea, emaciation and edema in the lower parts of the body leading to death. Results recorded 10 foals; with signs of colic (2 foals) and emaciation (8 foals) however none of the animals was reported to die through one year follow up. Further parasitic testing detected Parascaris equorum, Dictyocaulus arnfieldi and Strongyle infection in these horses. Chemistry profile showed that foals total protein and albumin were within the normal limits. These findings suggest that horses in Saudi Arabia remain proliferative enteropathy free however specific testing including PCR and serology are recommended.
https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16659_a9bafd9c2a5e07a409dba3139836c5bc.pdf
2012-12-01
39
43
10.21608/eajbsg.2012.16659
Horses
proliferative enteropathy
Saudi Arabia
Ghanem
Al-Ghamdi
ghanemalghamdi@gmail.com
1
Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Treatment of Candida albicans Biofilms – Associated with Dry Socket or Denture Stomatitis by Propolse Paste
Degradation of oral health is often assumed to progress with aging. However, significantly higher total counts and greater varieties of Candida species can be detected in wearers of removable dentures compared with non denture wearers. Poorly fitting or unhygienic dentures leads to the presence of yeast like fungi (Candida albicans biofilms) attached to it. And cause inflammation. Although candidiasis is highly resistant to antifungal agents, systemic drugs usage are necessary. But the systemic use of these drugs can cause side effects like liver toxicity, drug interactions etc. Using propolse as antifungal by local application, found that it suppresses the Candida associated dry socket and denture stomatitis. The propolse past was used in the following manner. It was applied to the fitting surface of denture, twice a day for 2 weeks. The propolse putty was putted in dry socket after complete removal of inflammatory tissues from it. The results showed pain, redness area and inflammation related stomatitis were disappear gradually after 48 hours until 2 weeks that the denture stomatitis is healing by using a propolse past. Propolse putty treat the fungal inflammation of dry socket that gradual decreases of the pain and inflammation. After the treatment, all patients with denture stomatitis were subjected to examination of the palatal mucosa and socket and quantitative culture of Candida from the palatal mucosa and denture fitting surface and diagnosed by three method: Germ tune.Gram Stain.and ChromAgar media.
https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16660_62452cbd2a03a560a499c2f0be9e301f.pdf
2012-12-01
45
51
10.21608/eajbsg.2012.16660
Candida albicans
Denture Stomatitis
Dental plaque
antifungal drugs
propolse
Ibrahim
Al-Fahdawi
1
College of dentistry, Al- Anbar University
AUTHOR
Abbas Obaid
Al-Janabi
aljanabi2001in@yahoo.co.in
2
College of Medicine, Al- Anbar University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Antibacterial and insecticidal activity of actinomycetes isolated from sandy soil of (Cairo-Egypt).
The present study was undertaken to screen antibacterial and insecticidal activities of crude extract of twenty actinomycetes isolates from desert soil samples collected from different locations of Cairo-Egypt. Isolate No. A11 was found to be the most active actinomycetes isolate against Gram positive, Gram negative bacteria and 2nd instar larvae of cotton leaf worm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.). The most active isolate was selected for further studies concerning their identification. Morphological, physiological and phylogenetic analysis (16S rRNA); in addition to biochemical studies and cultural characteristics as well as chemical analysis of the cell wall, were carried out for the isolate under study. Based on the phenotypic and genotypic accumulated characteristics of the selected isolate and recommended International Key’s of Bergey’s Manual for identification of actinomycetes, it was found that this isolate matched with Streptomyces bikiniensis and was given the name Streptomyces bikiniensisA11. The active metabolite of selected isolate was extracted by chloroform. Fraction No. 17 was the most active fraction against bacteria and insect species under study. The separation, purification and characterization of the active metabolite(s) were performed using thin layer chromatography. Based on the physicochemical studies for the purified compound; it was found that the purified compound may be belonged to Aminoglycosidic antibiotic.
https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16661_0cf15da25c35370042baf59e5e920c0f.pdf
2012-12-01
53
67
10.21608/eajbsg.2012.16661
Streptomyces bikiniensis
Antimicrobial
cotton leafwarm
aminoglycoside
El-khawaga
A.
1
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Megahed
M.
2
Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al- Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Synergism between clotrimazole and cinnamon oil: An effective (weapon) drug in vitro and in vivo against some multi drug resistant dermatophytes
Antifungal activity of eight commerciallyantifungal drugs and cinnamon oilwere screened against twenty twodermatophytic isolates of clinical origin. The strains that revealed resistanceagainst maximum number of antifungal drugs (under investigation) were selectedfor synergistic assay using Checkerboard method. The interaction betweenclotrimazole and cinnamon oil against twelve of multi-drug resistantdermatophytic isolates in vitro revealed that this interaction wassynergistic or in-additive while antagonism was not detected; the interactionwas synergistic in the most isolates (91.67%) while inadditive was demonstratedin only one isolate. Fifty four patients,twenty five males and twenty nine females suffering from dermatophyticinfections were enrolled in this study to evaluate synergism betweenclotrimazole and cinnamon oil in vivo. The dermatophytic infections wereconfirmed by laboratory mycological method and direct microscopic examination.The patients were randomly divided into three groups, which treated with Closol(commercial clotrimazole topical solution), placebo and Clo-Cin topicalsolution twice daily for two weeks and then followed up for two weeks. Aftertwo weeks of the treatment in vivo 50% improvement in clotrimazole(closol) treated patients and 81.82% inClo-Cin group. The rate of improvement was 25% and 100% in clotrimazole andClo-Cin groups respectively after four weeks of the dermatophytosis treatment.The recurrence of dermatophytic infection in Closol treated patientsrepresenting significant difference between the two groups. Moreover, Clo-Cinalso offered significant protection to infected tissue challenged withirritation (clotrimazole side effect) as revealed by fluorescence microscoperesult.
https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16662_111e4f21bd94f7143dc516f6aa1ab76d.pdf
2012-12-01
69
83
10.21608/eajbsg.2012.16662
clotrimazole and cinnamon oil
multi drug resistant dermatophytes
Synergism
in vitro and in vivo
Marwa
Abdel-Aziz
marwa2rcmb@yahoo.com
1
The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology (RCMB), Al-Azhar University.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of some natural plant extracts against gram negative bacteria in Njran Area, Saudi Arabia
This study aimed to evaluate the growth inhibitory effect ofSyzygium aromaticum (clove), Nigella sativa(black cumin), Commiphora molmol (myrrh)and Allium sativum (garlic) on Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. Water, 80% ethanol and n-hexane plant extracts either alone or in combination were tested against 4 gram negative bacteria. Gel diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were used in this investigation. The findings indicated that individual S. aromaticum, C. molmoland A. sativum extracts had growth inhibitory effect against tested bacteria. Ethanolic extract of S. aromaticum exhibited the highest inhibitory effect on all tested microorganisms. Individual water, ethanolic and hexanic extracts of N. sativa did not show any growth inhibitory effect against all tested microorganisms. Synergistic inhibitory effects of ethanolic and hexanic extracts combination of the four plants were able to prevent the growth of the tested bacteria. Combination of water extracts of the 4 plants inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii, while E. coli and K. pneumonia were not inhibited. We are of the opinion that individual ethanolic and hexanic extracts of the clove and combinations of ethanolic and hexanic extracts of the four tested plants could potentially be used for treatment of gram negative bacterial infection especially to the tested microorganisms.
https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16663_23c689668ed7fb53b2ee4dff7dc04a68.pdf
2012-12-01
85
92
10.21608/eajbsg.2012.16663
Gram negative
Plant extracts
Syzygium aromaticum
Nigella Sativa
Commiphora molmol
Allium sativum
Masoud
A.
husseinea1968@yahoo.com
1
Dept. of Applied Medical Science, Community college, Najran University, Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR
Gouda
A.
2
Dept. of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacy college, Najran University, Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
First Isolation, In Egypt, of a granulovirus (AgseGVEG) from Agrotis segetum Schiffermuller (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
A new Granulovirus was isolated from cutworm Agrotis segetum larvae collected from the field in Qalubaya governorate.
Transverse section of larvae showed infected fat body, epidermis and mid-gut cells.
Transmition electromicroscope evealed ovoid occlusion bodies (granules), each granule contains a single rod-shaped virion with one nucleocapsid, typical of granuolosis virus. Also, the scanning electromicroscopy of apurified viral suspension confirmed a baculovirus morphology. The size of virus particles in the present isolation ranged between 1.9 mm to 2.5mm. Preliminary bioassay indicated that A. ipsilon neonate larvae are susceptible to AgseGVEG and the calculated LC50 value was 3.79x106capsules/ml.
https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16664_1661ec3aa00275fac623f6f3b954905d.pdf
2012-12-01
93
99
10.21608/eajbsg.2012.16664
Baculovirusisolation
cutworms
Agrotis segetum
granulovirus (AgseGVEG)
Magda
Khattab
1
Plant Protection Research Institute, ARC, Dokki, Giza, Egypt Department of Cutworms and Mole Cricket
AUTHOR