Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology
2090-0872
2090-0880
10
2
2018
12
01
Identification of Non-Haemagglutinating Influenza A/H3 Virus and Characterization of Haemagglutinin (HA) and Neuraminidase (NA) Strain Mutations in Influenza-Like-Illness Cases in Egypt on MDCK Cell Line.
1
8
EN
M.
Aboualy
Viral & Zoonotic Disease Research Program, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit#3
mustafa.aboualy@gmail.com
E.
Mohareb
Viral & Zoonotic Disease Research Program, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit#3
M.
Fahim
Preventive Sector, Ministry of Health and Population, Egypt
W.
Roshdy
Central Public Health Laboratories, Ministry of Health and Population, Egypt
M.
Younan
Viral & Zoonotic Disease Research Program, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit#3.
M.
Said
Viral & Zoonotic Disease Research Program, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit#3.
M.
Imam
Viral & Zoonotic Disease Research Program, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit#3.
E.
T.
Abdelsalam
Botany & Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt
10.21608/eajbsg.2018.22717
Haemagglutination Inhibition assay “HAI” is one of the routinely used assays in the Influenza virus isolation workflow. Many Influenza A/H3 isolates can be mistakenly considered negatives if HAI is the only tool for culture identification, due to the increase in numbers of non-haemagglutinating influenza strains circulation.<br /> We wanted to explore the presence of non-haemagglutinating influenza A/H3 in Egypt and to discover potential mutations.<br /> 481 Oropharyngeal swabs in 2014 were collected from outpatients with Influenza-like-illness from eight hospitals in Egypt.<br /> Samples were tested for influenza viruses by qRT-PCR, then virus isolation. Cultures were tested by HAI, indirect Immunofluorescence assay “IFA” and Sequencing of HA and NA genes.<br /> QRT-PCR identified 84 Influenza A/H3 samples, 12 of which were successfully cultured and confirmed by qRT-PCR, IFA, and sequencing.<br /> Results of HAI showed Six Haemagglutinating and Six non-haemagglutinating cultures. HA and NA sequencing revealed mutations present in non-haemagglutinating and absent in Haemagglutinating isolates in both HA and NA genes.<br /> We could link only one mutation per gene HA (N225D) and NA (D151N) to the agglutination avidity of Influenza A/H3 isolates. We suggest that the loss of ability is due to the N225D mutation in non-haemagglutinating isolates causing steric hindrance nearby the binding site of HA spikes. Whereas the agglutination capacity of haemagglutinating isolates is increased due to D151N found in the haemagglutinating only, suggesting the agglutination through the NA spikes also as referenced in literature.<br /> As we have confirmed the presence of non-haemagglutinating influenza A/H3 in Egypt we recommend the use of IFA as the confirmatory assay in the Influenza virus isolation workflow, recommendations also for further to study virulence and prevalence of the identified virus.
Influenza A/ H3,H3 mutations,non-haemagglutinating influenza,H3 virus in Egypt
https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_22717.html
https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_22717_af0a9eaa4ca841fcf8888c3597d5a1e1.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology
2090-0872
2090-0880
10
2
2018
12
01
Serologic Study for TORCH Infection in Women with Bad Obstetric History in Al-Anbar Province (IRAQ)
9
4
EN
Muntaha
M.
Alouci
College of Medicine-Al-Anbar University
mun_alouci@yahoo.com
10.21608/eajbsg.2018.22718
<strong>Background: </strong>TORCH infections, are a medical abbreviation for a set of perinatal infections that are passed from a pregnant woman to her fetus, they are one of the essential causes of Bad obstetric history (BOH). The best identification of TORCH can be done with serological tests by using rapid test and ELISA.<br /> <strong>Patients and Methods</strong>: A total of300 women with BOH were enrolled in this study, rapid test and ELISA technique were applied to detect of TORCH infections in study group beside 30 women as the control group.<br /> <strong>Results: </strong>The age group was ranging between 18-42 years, the highest percentage of IgG was specific for HSV-1 and Rubella virus which were 57.9% and 54.6% respectively, the highest percentage of IgM was specific for Rubella virus and Toxoplasma which was 2% for both of which. The positive seroprevalence for TORCH infection was 89% of the study group. The frequency of abortion was the highest between the other BOH classes 57.3%, followed by early neonatal death 14%, Intrauterine death 7% and 6% for congenital anomalies. The results also showed that there were no significant differences between the results of ELISA technique and rapid test to the IgG and IgM for all items of Torch infection<br /> <strong>Conclusions:</strong> The most frequent age was between 25-30, the highest decrease in levels of anti-TORCH IgM and increase the percentage of different anti-TORCH IgG which results in highly increasing in positive seroprevalence for THORC infection. The recent rapid tests are very specific and their result is similar to the results of automated ELISA. In aborted women, Intrauterine death, congenital anomalies the highest infection was with CMV
BOH,TORCH,Rapid test,ELISA,IgG,IgM
https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_22718.html
https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_22718_148fc3f9e4c8a2ade72eb0ba269805da.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology
2090-0872
2090-0880
10
2
2018
12
01
Polymorphisms of COMT Val158Met and the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development among Egyptian HCV Infected Patients
15
23
EN
Eman
Labib
Clinical Pathology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt.
Hany
M.
Ibrahim
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
hanyibrahimeg@gmail.com
Mai
El-Daly
clinical Pathology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt./Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Heba
S.
Ghanem
clinical Pathology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
Ibrahim
A.
El-Elaimy
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
Mohamed
Abdel-Hamid
Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
10.21608/eajbsg.2018.25460
Chronic viral hepatitis is the most important risk factor for progression to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Egypt. Catechol-<em>O</em>-methyltransferase (COMT) plays a central role in DNA repair and estrogen-induced carcinogenesis. Many recent epidemiologic studies have investigated the association between the COMT Val158Met polymorphism and cancer risk.<br /> In the current study, we investigated the association between COMT Val158Met A/G variations and the risk of HCC development among Egyptian HCV infected patients. This study was conducted on two groups; HCC patients group and healthy control group each included 100 subjects. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been studied for COMT using real-time PCR.<br /> Our results suggest that COMT is not associated with HCC risk among HCV infected patients. A significant increase was detected regarding the different COMT SNPs in the aged category more than 50 years compared to younger patients. No significant difference was detected on the level of gender, liver cirrhosis, biochemical and hematological parameters. <br /> In conclusion, COMT Val158Met polymorphism could not be considered as a risk factor for HCC risk among hepatitis C virus patients in Egypt.
Hepatocellular carcinoma,Hepatitis C virus,COMT,Egypt
https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_25460.html
https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_25460_3a316b85eeb51d498ce397df660c1d8e.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology
2090-0872
2090-0880
10
2
2018
12
01
Virulence of Some Selected Fungal Isolates against the Cotton Leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
25
35
EN
Hamadah
Kh.
Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Science, Zoology and Entomology Department, Cairo, Egypt, Madinat Nasr
khalid_hamadah@azhar.edu.eg
Zahran
M.
Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Science (Girls), Botany and Microbiology Department, Cairo, Egypt, Madinat Nasr
El-Hosainy
A.
Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Science (Girls), Botany and Microbiology Department, Cairo, Egypt, Madinat Nasr
10.21608/eajbsg.2018.28877
<span>The present study was carried out to investigate the virulence of two fungal isolates against cotton leafworm <em>Spodoptera littoralis</em>. Six fungal isolates were isolated from a soil sample. Only two isolates were identified as <em>Cunninghamella sp.</em> and <em>Rhizopus sp < /em>. according to the data of preliminary test where they cause higher mortalities. The highest mortality was recorded by isolate <em>Rhizopus sp < /em>. In addition, the same isolate recorded the lowest </em></em></span><span>LC<sub>50</sub> values, </span><span>2.16x10<sup>7 </sup></span><span>conidial concentration/ml. </span><span>The fungal isolates exhibited an insignificant decrease in the weight of treated larvae. Larval duration was decreased insignificantly at all </span><span>conidial concentration except the highest conidial concentration that insignificantly increased it</span><span>. Pupation and adult emergence % were affected. Adult deformities were appeared only bythe isolate,<em> Cunninghamella sp.</em>. However, the isolate<em> Rhizopus sp < /em>. exhibited the highest proteolytic and lipolytic activity than isolate <em>Cunninghamella sp.</em> while the highest chitinolytic</em></span><span> activity was recorded by the isolate <em>Cunninghamella sp < /em></em></span>
fungi,Cotton leafworm,hydrolytic enzymes
https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_28877.html
https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_28877_44dac40908ab4ea1fed1341f9f2a58dd.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology
2090-0872
2090-0880
10
2
2018
12
01
Evaluation Activity of S-Layer Proteins and Filtrate of Lactobacillus Spp. against Some Pathogenic Microorganisms In Vitro
37
50
EN
Raghad
A.
Hassan
Al- Iraqia University, college of education, Biology department
10.21608/eajbsg.2018.28878
This project was conducted to evaluate the activity of S-layer proteins isolated from <em>Lactobacillus</em> in comparison with the activity of concentrated filtrate of<em> Lactobacillus</em> against some pathogenic microorganisms and against tumor cell lines <em>in vitro</em>.<br /> Twelve isolates of <em>Lactobacillus</em> <em>spp.</em> obtained from, vinegar, human milk, cow milk, yoghurt and vagina, wereused to detect the S-layer protein (Slp) by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE) then extracted it by excised the Slp pand and treated with 6M guanidine hydrochloride (G-HCl) to elute the protein from the gel. The Molecular weights (MW) of Slps were estimated between (37-63 kDa) depending on the <em>Lactobacillus</em> species. The concentrations of Slp were estimated by using a Kit based on the Biuret method. One isolate of each of <em>Lactobacillus acidophilus</em> and <em>Lactobacillus casei</em>, were selected depending on the MW and concentrations of S-layer proteins. <br /> The inhibitory effect of <em>Lb. acidophilus</em> and <em>Lb. casei</em> was determined against pathogenic microorganism; <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> , <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>,<em> Salmonella typhimurium</em>,and <em>Candida albicans</em> on solid and liquid MRS media. Results revealed that less inhibitory activity against them was detected on the solid medium, compared to the liquid one. Greatest inhibitory effect of <em>Lb. acidophilus</em> and <em>Lb. casei</em> has appeared against<em> P. aeruginosa</em> when the zone of inhibition reached to 24 and 22 mm, respectively. It appeared that the inhibitory effect of <em>Lb. acidophilus</em> was more than that of<em> Lb. casei</em> against most of the tested microorganisms, while S-layer proteins have no effect against pathogenic microorganisms
Influenza A/ H3,H3 mutations,non-haemagglutinating influenza,H3 virus in Egypt
https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_28878.html
https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_28878_0ef3b61bf8d121edb7f3ab0922ee63c4.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology
2090-0872
2090-0880
10
2
2018
12
01
Antiviral Activity of Egyptian Snake, Cerastes vipera Venom Against Hepatitis C Virus
51
64
EN
Alaa
M.H.
El-Bitar
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
elbitar@azhar.edu.eg
10.21608/eajbsg.2018.193360
<strong>Background:</strong> The development of effective antiviral compounds has become public health emergency worldwide. Animal venoms, including snake venoms, are gaining increased attention as bioactive compounds with crucial therapeutic activities. The antiviral activity of snake venoms represents a new and promising therapeutic alternative against the resistance mechanisms developed by viruses. Hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) is a major worldwide health problem, and it is the foremost reason for progressive hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis, with an elevated risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. The current treatment of HCV is still expensive and has side effects as, gene selectivity, low accessibility and resistance to mutated virus strains. For these reasons, achieving the discovery of more successful antiviral agents is always urgent.<br /> <strong>Objective:</strong> the present study aimed to evaluate the antiviral activities of crude venom of <em>Cerastes vipera </em>against HCV.<br /> <strong>Methods: </strong>The antiviral activity of crude venom of <em>Cerastes vipera</em> was evaluated by a cell culture technique using human hepatocellular carcinoma-derived cell line (Huh7.5) cells and the J6/JFH1-P47 strain of HCV.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> The results revealed that crude venom inhibited HCV infectivity with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>) of 1ng/ml in culture medium, through direct virucidal effect. The anti-HCV activity of this venom was not inhibited by a metalloprotease inhibitor or heating at 60°C. Interestingly, crude venom is neither toxic nor hemolytic <em>in</em><em> vitro</em> at a concentration 1000-fold higher than that required for antiviral activity.<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Conclusively, the obtained results indicate the therapeutic potential of crude venom of <em>Cerastes vipera</em> against the hepatitis C virus <em>in vitro</em> which many lay the foundation for developing a new therapeutic intervention against HCV.
Snake venom,Cerastes vipera,antiviral activity,HCV,Egypt
https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_193360.html
https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_193360_85279ce1bf47a64d881b8e2c6389b9ce.pdf