Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology2090-087213120210109Assessment of Bacterial Inhibitory Properties of Zingiber officinale (ginger) Ethanol Extract on Some Clinical Isolates and Evaluation of Its Bioactive Compounds1815393910.21608/eajbsg.2021.153939ENObi, C.C.Department of Biological Sciences, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria0000-0002-3377-5115Bukar,T.Veterinary Medicine and Allied Products Directorate NAFDAC Isolo, Lagos, NigeriaJournal Article20201102The increased usage of antibiotics has induced microorganisms to acquire resistance factors which have become a burning predicament. As a result, there is an urgent need to find an alternative to chemotherapeutic drugs in disease treatment particularly those of plant origin which are easily available and have considerably fewer side effects. In this study, <em>in-vitro</em> antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of <em>Zingiber officinale </em>(ginger) was investigated using the agar diffusion method on some clinical isolates (<em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>, <em>Streptococcus mutans</em>, <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus, </em>and <em>Shigella dysenteriae</em>)<em>. </em>Phytochemical analysis of the extract was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Data obtained were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedure using SPSS (version 21) computer software. The extract of <em>Zingiber officinale </em>was active against all bacterial isolates with varying zones of inhibition that ranged from 12mm-24mm. <em>Zingiber officinale </em>extract had the highest zone of inhibition (24mm) at the concentration of 100mg/ml on<em> E. coli </em>followed by <em>S. aureus</em> (21mm) and <em>K. pneumonia </em>(18mm). Results of the phytochemical analysis of the <em>Z. officinale</em> extract showed the presence of some identified bioactive compounds (Geranyl acetate, α-Pirene, Camphene, Eucalyptol, Camphore, Terpin-4-ol, Citronellol, Geraniol, 2-Heptanol, Terpinolene, hexamethyl- etc.) that have antimicrobial properties. Therefore, results obtained from this study showed that the ethanol extract of <em>Zingiber officinale</em> possesses antibacterial properties against the clinical isolates tested which invariably make it a potential candidate for the treatment of some bacterial infections.https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_153939_1cb0c116257f64dbac897a21d1cbc111.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology2090-087213120210208Paclitaxel and Its Chemo-preventive Role in the Management of Small Lung Cancer91717134210.21608/eajbsg.2021.171342ENM. FikryEltayebBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Qalubiya Governorate 13511, Egypt.MohamedHelmyCancer biology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute – Assiut University, Egypt.M.AroukBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, EgyptTalatIbrahimBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Qalubiya Governorate 13511, Egypt.Abeer A.KhattabBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Qalubiya Governorate 13511, Egypt.Journal Article20201104Based on a quantitative analysis using HPLC and UV, <em>Alternaria alternata</em> has been identified as a strong taxol producer. Taxol's biosynthetic efficiency has been checked using PCR detection.The development of taxol by <em>A. alternata</em> was investigated by inoculating the fungus on various media.The best medium for extracting the highest volume of taxol was found to be potato dextrose broth (PDB). After 21 days of incubation at 23°C with a pH of 8.5 and shaking (120 rpm) (250 g/L), the substance taxol was formed to perfection. HPLC was used to effectively purify the Alternaria alternata taxol. The taxol from Alternaria alternata displayed promising anticancer properties. The capacity of anticancer drugs to eradicate cancer cells may be used to determine their efficacy. As a result, the inhibitory effect of taxol on A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells was assessed by culturing the cells with different concentrations of the compound for 24 hours (MTT assay).https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_171342_5a3417e672cc28ff293e437cc7bb4249.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology2090-087213120210507Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oil from the Leaves of Acalypha wilkesiana on Pathogenic Microorganisms192817288210.21608/eajbsg.2021.172882ENElizabeth A.OsiboteChemistry Department, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria0000-0002-8044-9662Solayide A.AdesidaDepartment of Microbiology, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, NigeriaSimeonNwaforChemistry Department, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, NigeriaHappinessIluobeChemistry Department, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, NigeriaJournal Article20210322<em>Acalypha wilkesiana </em>is a tropical plant used to treat a wide range of medical conditions<em>.</em> The leaves of <em>A</em>. <em>wilkesiana</em> were tested for phytochemicals with microbicide activity against a variety of microorganisms known to cause severe human infections. Antimicrobial efficacy of essential oil extracts from pulverised dried leaves of <em>A</em>. <em>wilkesiana</em> was examined. Phytochemical and proximate assessments of the leaves were carried out using standard techniques. The essential oil was extracted using hydro-distillation and collected using two processes. The first form was extraction for four hours straight, and the second mode involve hourly collection for four times. A total of five fractions of the essential oil were extracted. The chemical constituent of the oil was separated with Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in accordance with standard procedures. The proximate composition of leaves showed low moisture and high carbohydrate (61.39%). Tannins, flavonoids, and alkaloids were among the secondary metabolites found in the leaves. Six bioactive compounds including n-Hexadecanoic acid and 6-Benzamido-4-benzoyl-1, 2, 4-triazine-3, 5 were identified in the GC–MS analysis. The oils from <em>A</em>. <em>wilkesiana</em> leaves have excellent broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity at various concentrations on <em>Staphylococcu</em>s species, <em>Bacillus coagulans</em>, <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>, <em>Salmonella typhimurium</em> and <em>Candida albicans</em>. It could not, however, inhibit the growth of <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> and <em>Gardnerella vaginalis</em>. The findings justify the usage of <em>A. wilkesiana</em> leaves in ethnomedicine for possible management of skin conditions, gastrointestinal problems as well as other related microbial infections.<strong> </strong>https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_172882_3c16bbe763ed6c44e8637613ea0822bb.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology2090-087213120210513Rational of Invertebrates and Herbs Extracts for Protection and Management of Coronavirus (COVID 19)294717288310.21608/eajbsg.2021.172883ENFatma El-Zahraa A.Abd El-AzizDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.Soheir MustafaKasemDepartment of Internal Medicine and Critical care, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut UniversityMarwa F.AliDepartment of Veterinary Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut UniversityShereen M.MohamedDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University.Doaa M.El ShehabyDepartment of Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University.Journal Article20210325A novel outbreak of coronavirus [severe acute respiratory syndrome– coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)] has caused a global coronavirus disease pandemic in 2019 (COVID-19), leading to tens of thousands of infections and thousands of deaths worldwide. Coronaviruses are implicated in illnesses of humans, vertebrates and invertebrates. There is currently no effective treatment for COVID-19. Due to the high rate of transmission between humans of this virus and its pandemics, it is necessary to determine the fundamentals of its replication, structure and pathogenicity for finding a way to special treatment or prevention. COVID-19 virus pathogenesis has not been fully grasped. The key point of the pathogenic effect of COVID-19virus is its effect on angiotensin-converting enzyme2 (ACE2) receptors that play a major role in virus entry into the cell causing ending lesions. ACE2 receptors present in many human cell types in many organs such as lungs, arteries, heart, kidneys, intestines, nervous system and skeletal muscles. From ancient times, antiviral agents extracted from natural herbal and invertebrate sources have been used to prevent and treat a number of viral infections including respiratory viral infections. COVID-19 management is believed to be based on two strategies; enhancement of the immunity to control viral replication or virulence and relieve associated symptoms. This review strengthens the use of natural extracts as valuable tools to develop new therapeutic drugs against COVID-19 (Fig.1).https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_172883_414f56bfe13a6d65e43dbfe21527b3da.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology2090-087213120210517Screening and Optimization of Environmental Parameters for Maximum Decolorization of Reactive Orange 122 Azo- dye by Streptomyces sp (A5)496017611610.21608/eajbsg.2021.176116ENAbdel-Monem M.O.Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, 13518, EgyptMohamed E.El AwadyMicrobial Biotechnology Department, Division of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Division, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St. 33, Dokki-Cairo 12622, EgyptGhada E.MohamedBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, 13518, EgyptFatma N.El-ShallDyeing, Printing and Textile Auxiliary Department, Textile Research Division, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St. 33, Dokki-Cairo 12622, Egypt.Mervat G.HassanBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, 13518, EgyptJournal Article20210329The aim of current study was to test the ability and optimize the decolorization of textile azo Reactive Orange 122 by <em>Streptomyces</em> sp (A5) isolated from dye contaminated soil. The decolorization ability of the isolate <em>Streptomyces</em> sp (A5) was assessed by spectrophotometer at 3, 5 and 7 days in starch nitrate broth media amended with 0.35 g/L of the Reactive Orange 122 azo dye. Different incubation conditions like concentration of the dye, temperature and pH were used in the present study to investigate their effect on the decolorization rate. The potential isolate <em>Streptomyces </em>sp (A5) exhibited significant decolorization ability at 5 days of incubation. The optimum conditions were found for degradation of Reactive Orange 122 azo dye by the isolate <em>Streptomyces</em> sp (A5). The maximum degradations were noticed at 0.3 g/L of dye concentration, 6 pH and 35 °C temperature, respectively. In conclusion, the results of the current study showed that the isolate <em>Streptomyces</em> sp (A5) was effectively degraded the textile dye Reactive Orange 122 azo dye under the optimized conditions.https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_176116_e249973614e7251ad0f0ae90bc062bd9.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology2090-087213120210527Production of Valuable Compost from Sugarcane Wastes617117958410.21608/eajbsg.2021.179584ENEsmailOmranBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, EgyptHananTemerkBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, EgyptAsmaa M. M.MawadBiology Department, College of Science, Taibah University Al- Madinah, SAAbd El-LatifHeshamDepartment of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Beni-Suef University, EgyptJournal Article20210402In this study, development biofertilizer is produced from sugarcane residues was compared with commercial biological fertilizers. Development Fertilizers from sugarcane wastes have been analyzed chemically and microbiologically. Factors affecting the ripening of the compost and growth of microorganisms in the dander, (temperature, humidity and pH) were monitored. The final values for each were 45, 30 and 8., respectively. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> The compost ripening was followed by the analysis of organic matter and organic carbon, their respective values were 20.7 and 63.54, respectively, and the C: N ratio was 1:16 upon completion of ripening. The ratio of major elements N, P, K, which was 2.4, 4.78 And 0.06 respectively at the end of the ripening period. Bacterial isolated from sugarcane wastes were belonged to <em>Bacillus genera,</em> while fungal isolates belonged to <em>Aspergillus</em> <em>genera</em>.https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_179584_400ce85481fbcb3e36d7ba8b7f0fe77c.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology2090-087213120210530Evaluation of Phytochemical Screening and Antifungal Activity for Some Annual Plant Extracts in Egypt738717973310.21608/eajbsg.2021.179733ENReham M.MostafaBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, EgyptEl Desouky T.A.Department of Food Toxicology and Contaminant, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.El Sayed T.I.Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, EgyptAbd El Aziz A.M.Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, EgyptAshraf S.A.El-SayedBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, EgyptJournal Article20210404Egypt has many wild plants such as <em>Sonchus</em> <em>oleraceus</em>, <em>Cichorium</em> <em>pumilum </em>and<em> Portulacaoleraceae which </em>are one of the perfect sources of natural effective compounds including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, steroids and phenols. This study investigated that <em>P.oleracea</em> has a greater total phenolic, flavonoids and antioxidant activity followed by <em>S. oleraceus </em>and finally <em>C. pumilum. </em>Also, alkaloid was found in all the plants examined with the highest quantities obtained in <em>S.</em> <em>oleraceus</em> (78.6%) then, <em>P. oleracea</em> (66.4%), while <em>C.</em> <em>pumilum</em> have 41.8%. While total terpenoid and saponin were the highest percentages with <em>Portulaca</em> <em>oleracea</em> (61.6%) and (35.3%) respectively. In addition to all the extracts could inhibit these fungi at a different level in which ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Portulaca oleracea and Cichorium<em> pumilum</em> generally had higher antifungal activities against<em> A. aflatoxiformans</em> and <em>A ochraceus.</em> Finally, these plant extracts contain many effective compounds that enable to play the role of antifungals.https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_179733_ab71381e9856c963223a3131fb073eda.pdf