Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology2090-08729220170801Submerged Fermentation of Jatropha curcas Seedcake in Production of Itaconic Acid by Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus terreus191632910.21608/eajbsg.2017.16329ENPatricia F.OMOJASOLAUniversity of Ilorin, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, NigeriaPatience O.OKWECHIMEUniversity of Ilorin, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, NigeriaJournal Article20181011In<br />this study, two fungi: <em>Aspergillus niger </em>(ATCC<br />16404) and <em>Aspergillus terreus</em> (ATCC<br />20542) were used to ferment <em>Jatropha</em><br />seed cake (JSC) by submerged fermentation for the production of itaconic acid.<br />The physico-chemical analysis of JSC was determined. JSC was shelled, defatted<br />and used as substrate in mineral salts media and the inocula of <em>A. niger</em> and <em>A. terreus</em> for eleven days at pH 5.42, 29±2<sup>°</sup>C, 10%<br />substrate and 2 ml inocula (2.6 x 10<sup>8 </sup>spores/ml <em>A. niger</em>) (3.7 x 10<sup>8</sup> spores/ml <em>A. terreus</em>). Carboxylmethylcellulose (CMC) was used as control.<br />Optimization experiments were conducted by varying fermentation parameters.<br />Results of the physico-chemical analysis revealed carbohydrate 16.23%; protein<br />29.3%; fibre 10.42%; fat 32.13%; ash 5.75% and moisture 6.15%. Itaconic acid<br />yields of 154.0 g L<sup>-1</sup> and 208.0 g L<sup>-1</sup> were produced by <em>A. niger</em> and <em>A. terreus</em> respectively. Results of the optimization showed higher<br />yields of itaconic acid by <em>A. niger </em>to<br />209.0 g L<sup>-1</sup> at pH 2.5, 3 ml inocula, 25% substrate, at 26±2<sup>°</sup>C on Day 8 and <em>A. terreus</em> yielded of 218.0 g L<sup>-1</sup> at pH 3.5,<br />4ml inocula, 25% substrate at 29±2<sup>° </sup>C on Day 8. These results<br />support potential of JSC for industrial production of itaconic acid.https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16329_cc64019350ed5931085f9050a853e44f.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology2090-08729220170801Studying of Physico-chemical and Biological characters of Qarun Lake, El-Fayoum – Egypt11201633110.21608/eajbsg.2017.16331ENEl-Sayed W.M.Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Damnhour University, Egypt.Mosad Y.A.National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Inland Water and Aquaculture Branch, 101 Kasr El Aini St., Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181011<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Lake<br />Qarun is an inland lake occupies the lowest part of El- Fayoum depression. The<br />sampling program during the studied period was carried out on monthly basis<br />from May 2015 and continued till April 2016 (12 successive months).<br />Physico-chemical analysis of Qarun Lake revealed that pH values recorded were<br />on the alkaline side, values of Secchi disc indicated that the water of the<br />lake concerned as a turbid water bodies. The alkalinity in Qarun Lake is<br />characterized by increasing of bicarbonate values as compared with carbonate<br />one. Nutrients analysis indicated increasing of ammonium, nitrate, nitrite,<br />phosphate, silicate in the water of the lake especially in front of the drains.<br />On the other hand a total of 89 species of phytoplankton belonging to six<br />classes were recorded in the lake. The recorded classes were Bacillariophyceae,<br />Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Dinophyceae and Cryptophyceae,.The<br />Bacillariophyceae were most diverse with 39 species, then Cyanophyceae with 18<br />species, Chlorophyceae and Euglenophyceae with 10 species for both, Dinophyceae<br />with 9 species and Cryptophyceae with 3 species. Our study concluded that the<br />increased nutrient level in the lake by time show an exacerbated problem of<br />eutrophication which lead to economic effect on fish production</span>https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16331_7f180012b547a0941b9c3513343221e2.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology2090-08729220170801Cotton Aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) and Green Peach Aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) Efficiency of Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus Potyvirus (ZYMV) transmission on Squash Plants At Fayoum Governorate.21291633210.21608/eajbsg.2017.16332ENHamada M.Abd El-WarethPlant Protection Research Institute (PPRI) Dokki, ARC, 12618 Giza,EgyptHoda M. H.AhmedBotany Department (Plant Pathology), Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, 63514 Fayoum, EgyptJournal Article20181011<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Zucchini<br />yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) is an important non- persistent virus causing high squash<br />production losses in Egypt. <span class="A3"><em><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Aphis gossypii</span></em></span><span class="A3"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> Glover and <em>Myzus persicae</em></span></span><br />Sulazer insects have high efficiency of ZYMV transmission from infected squash<br />plants to healthy ones in Egypt,</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="FR">in </span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">advance</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="FR"> of</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> their rapid spreading. ZYMV was isolated from<br />naturally infected squash plants collected from two locations <span class="A3"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">(Sennoris &<br />Fayoum), </span></span><strong>at</strong><span class="A3"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> Fayoum governorate. Virus identification was done by<br />serological tests (ELISA) using four different antiserums. Virus was<br />transmitted to healthy squash plants by mechanical transmission and by using the<br />two aphid insects. </span></span>Fecundity and life span of two aphids and<br />forms (alate and apterous) were studied. ELISA test had relay that the virus<br />was ZYMV. Typical symptoms of virus were observed by mechanical and aphid<br />insect's inoculation,<span class="A3"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></span><span class="A3"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">yellow<br />mosaic, necrosis, leaf curling, blisters stunting, deformation, reduction in<br />leaf size and knobbed fruits (sever malformation)</span></span><strong>.</strong><br />Fecundity and life span of<span class="A3"><em><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></em></span><span class="A3"><em><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Aphis gossypii</span></em></span><span class="A3"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> were higher than those<br />of <em>Myzus persicae</em></span></span><strong> on </strong>infectedsquash plants<br />compared with healthy, respectively.The reducing aphid insects population is<br />recommended in order to decreasing losses caused by ZYMV infection (as their<br />ability of transmission), in addition of removing the infected plants<br />continuously which considered as a source if virus inoculum</span>https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_16332_4ddb40ca45a93d3b5c0963d5ae0c126f.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology2090-08729220170801Alkaliphilic Actinomycetes I.Isolation, Identification and Some Characterization31546879010.21608/eajbsg.2017.68790ENAsmaaEl-HosainyAl-Azhar University, Faculty of Science (Girls) Nasr city, Cairo, EgyptMoniraZahranAl-Azhar University, Faculty of Science (Girls) Nasr city, Cairo, EgyptShadiaSabryAl-Azhar University, Faculty of Science (Girls) Nasr city, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20170902Five strains of alkaliphilic actinomycetes were isolated from Al-Fayoum region soil, Egypt. Four strains A3, A6, A8, and A10 were classified as genus <em>Kitasatospora</em> on the basis of morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics. These strains produced aerial mycelium consisting of chains of 20 or more smooth-surface spores. Whole-cell hydrolysates contained both LL- and meso-DAP (diaminopimilic) acid and galactose. Alkaline media were favored for growth, production of aerial mycelium and soluble yellow-brownish pigments. All these strains may be considered as new species for the genus <em>Kitasatospora</em>. The fifth strains contained neither meso-nor-LL-DAP (diaminopimilic acid) also it didn’t contain any diagnostic sugar in the whole-cell hydrolysate. The colonial growth of strain A11 was beige beaver yellow-brownish. It may be considered as a new genus. All isolated strains had a temperature range of 25-40°C and pH range (7-12). Lecithinase; protease and lipase enzymes were secreted by all strains on neutral and alkaline egg emulsion agar medium. All strains reduced nitrate degraded gelatin, casein, skimmed milk, starch, tween 60, DNA, Urea, L-tyrosine and hypoxanthine.https://eajbsg.journals.ekb.eg/article_68790_789456e8b6fdaa1b29466595b6bcafb0.pdf