Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology2090-08728120160601Genotype Comparisons of Candida albicans From Patients With Vulvovaginal Candidiasis.151647210.21608/eajbsg.2016.16472ENAsoda MohammedNooriMinistary of Education, Directors breeding Khanaqin,Dyala, IraqKalilBanderDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Tikrit University, Tikrit, IraqThekraHamadaCollege of Medicine, Tikrit University, Tikrit, IraqJournal Article20181013This study was intended to isolate and identification of <em>Candida albicans</em> which causing vaginitis in women. Atotal 204 samples of vaginal tract swabs were collected from patients women from April to November, 2015 in Dyala/Iraq. Standard microbiological methods were used to isolate and identify <em>candida</em> from vaginal swabs obtained from study object, sabouroud dextrose agar used for isolation of <em>candida</em>, CHROMagar of <em>candida</em> used to identification of <em>C. albicans</em>, germ tube test done. The final identification done by using VITEK Yeast Biochemical Card. From 204 infected women 75 have vaginal candidiasis about (36.76%), <em>C. albicans</em> was causative agent of 54 isolates about (72%).
The genetic diversity of recent clinical isolates of <em>Candida albicans</em> was studied basis on amplified DNA bands fragment that spans the side of the transposable intron in the 25s rDNA by using CA-INT-L and CA-INT-R primers. Our analysis of 54 <em>C. albicans</em> isolates showed that genotype-A with (450bp)band presented in 27 isolates about (50%) was a predominant <em>C. albicans</em> genotype, genotype-B with (840bp)band was found in16 isolates with (29.62) ratio, and finally genotype-C with both bands (450-840bp), was found in 11 isolates about (20.37%).Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology2090-08728120160601Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Punica granatum Pericarp Extracts against Helicobacter pylori Resistant to Clarithromycin and Metronidazole7121647310.21608/eajbsg.2016.16473ENZeena G.FaisalDepartment of Biology, College of Education, Iraqi University, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20181013<em>Helicobacter pylori</em> (<em>H. pylori</em>) is the responsible bacteria for many gastric disorders such as gastritis, gastric ulcer, and gastric cancer. Half of the world<sup>'</sup>s population is infected with <em>H. pylori</em>. The recent surge in multidrug resistant bacteria necessitate the need for additional preventative and therapeutic options to conventional drugs. Interestingly, the use of medicinal plants such as<em> Punica granatum</em>, commonly known as pomegranates, is being increasingly used throughout the world because of their efficacy and low toxicity.
The present study indicates the presence of various bioactive components in aqueous and ethanolic crude extracts such as alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, and saponins. Ethanolic extract contains all detected chemical compounds compared with aqueous extract, making the ethanolic extraction more potent than aqueous extraction. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of <em>P. granatum</em> pericarp were tested for their antibacterial activity against ten identified clinical isolates of <em>H. pylori</em> (have resistance pattern to clarithromycin (25 µg) and metronidazole (5µg), or one of them) by disc diffusion technique. There is inverse relationship between the concentration of the aqueous or ethanolic extract of the pomegranate peel and the growth of bacteria, whereas, high concentration decrease growth of bacteria. Ethanolic extract significantly reduces the growth of<em> H. pylori</em> in a higher degree (with best MIC 2mg/ml), compared with aqueous extract (with best MIC 3mg/ml). In conclusion, present study showed that pomegranate peel extracts were capable to inhibit the growth of <em>H. pylori in vitro</em>, possibly via its high antioxidant activity that it contain. Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology2090-08728120160601Genotypic Identification and Evaluation of Several Selective Media for Recovery of Aeromonas spp. from Different Sources13311647410.21608/eajbsg.2016.16474ENEnany MohamedEl-SayedDepartement of Bacteriology, Immunology & Mycology Faculty. Vet Med. Suez Canal UniversityAmany MahmoudShalabyAnimal Health Research Institute. Port Said Lab HygieneMai HassanSalehClinical Pathology Department, Faculty of MedicineRehab El-SayedAbo El-KheirClinical Pathology Department, Faculty of MedicineJournal Article20181013A total number of 250 samples of tilapia Niloticus fish (50), mugil cephalus fish (50), drinking water (25 tap water in addition to 25 bottled mineral water), pond water (50) and childhood diarrhea (50) were collected from Suez canal area and these samples were cultured on several selective media, The isolation rate of <em>Aeromonas</em> spp. from all samples using enrichment technique on starch ampicillin agar (SAA), Rimler-shotts medium (RS), Blood ampicillin agar (BAA) & MacConkey ampicillin agar (MAA) were (51.2%), (45.2%), (38.8%) and (31.6%) respectively. The incidence and distribution of Aeromonads from different sources of 250 samples (tilapia Niloticus fish, mugil cephalus fish, drinking tap water, bottled mineral water, pond water and childhood diarrhea were 44 (88%), 33 (66%), 4 (16)%, 0 (0%), 42 (84%) and 5 (10%) respectively. The total number of Aeromonas isolates from 250 examined samples were 260 isolates that were biochemically identified into 4 biotypes as 136 (52.31%) <em>A. hydrophila</em>, 81 (31.15%) <em>A. sobria</em>, 34 (13.08%) <em>A. caviae</em> and 9 (3.46%) <em>A. schubertii</em>. The highest prevalence isolated of Aeromonas spp. were <em>A. hydrophila</em> followed by <em>A. sobria</em>, <em>A. caviae</em> and <em>A. schubertii. </em>Results of antibiogram of isolated Aeromonas spp. demonstrated that all tested Aeromonas isolates were resistant to Erythromycin, Sulphamethoxazol-Trimethoprim beside Ampicillin, and while the highest degree of sensitivity towards Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Amikacin and Gentamicin. Molecular typing of Aeromonas isolates by Polymerase chain reaction technique to determine of 16SrRNA gene that present in all examined isolates of Aeromonas were (100%), and 2 virulence genes were found: aerolysin gene by a percentage of (83.3%) ,and hemolysin gene by a percentage of (8.3%) which present only in <em>A. schubertii</em>.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology2090-08728120160601Comparing The Biological And Chemical Properties Of Different Vemicomposts Made By Green Wastes (Prepared By Decomposing Fungi And Eisenia Fetida Earthworms)33401647510.21608/eajbsg.2016.16475ENParinazKhodaeiDepartment of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, IranMir Hassan RasuliSadaghianiDepartment of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, IranHabibKhodaverdilooDepartment of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, IranYobertGhostaDepartment of plant protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, IranAkbarKarimiDepartment of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, IranJournal Article20181013<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Annually,<br />too much green wastes are produced that they should manage for being useful.<br />One of their best using is composting. In this study the different green wastes<br />were collected from Urmia, West Azerbaijan- Iran and Anzali lagoon. These green<br />wastes were animal manure, hay debris, leaves of Maple and Platanus trees, the<br />remains of Azolla ferns, apple and grape pruning waste and Herbal Essences. Compost<br />formation was done in two processes including the inoculation of different<br />plant residues with fungi <em>Trichoderma</em> strains (<em>T. ressei, T. viride</em><br />and <em>T. harzianum</em> and <em>phanerochaete Chrysosporium</em> and <em>Chaetomium<br />globosum</em>) and followed by adding the <em>Eisenia Fetida</em> earthworms<strong>.</strong><br />Results of formed vermicompost analysis showed that pH and C/N ratio decreased,<br />however the numbers of earthworm and cocoon significantly increased. At end of<br />study, the vermicompost of apple and grape pruning wastes was selected as the<br />favorite compost.</span>Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology2090-08728120160601Microflora of the Petroleum Farm Tank Soil at Mosimi Depot Sagamu Ogun State Nigeria41461647610.21608/eajbsg.2016.16476ENAgbaje A.B.Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, NigeriaKunnuho J.B.Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, NigeriaAdeyemi S.A.Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, NigeriaOyeyiola G.P.Department of Microbiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, NigeriaJournal Article20181013Isolation<br />and characterisation of microorganisms from petroleum contaminated soil was carried out on the soil samples collected from seven different spots at the NNPC Depot in<br />Mosimi, Ogun State, Nigeria. The highest bacterial count<br />of 2.6X10<sup>6</sup>cfu/g was recorded at Tank 1 which was at the North-Eastern part of the Tank Farm<br />while the least bacterial count of 5.0X10<sup>5 </sup>cfu/g<br />was recorded at Tank 3, about 30 metres away from Tank1. The fungal count ranged from 1.3 X 10<sup>5</sup><br />cfu/g to 1.7 X 10<sup>5 </sup>cfu/g. The bacterial count ranged from 6.4 X 10<sup>5</sup><br />to 2.6 X 10<sup>6</sup>. <em>Bacillus </em><em>subtilis</em><br />had the highest occurrence (76.2%) among the bacterial isolate while <em>Aspergillus<br />niger </em>had the highest occurrence among the fungal isolates.Using biochemical and morphorlogical<br />characteristics<br />that are based on established standards, the bacterial isolates<br />were identified as <em>Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella<br />pnuemoniae </em>and<br /><em>Proteus vulgaris. </em>The fungi isolated were <em>Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, </em><em>Rhizopus oryzae</em>and <em>Penicillium chrysogenum. Aspergillus niger </em>showed highest count and fastest growth pattern<br />among all the isolated fungi. Using biochemical and morphorlogical characteristics that are based on established standards, the bacterial isolates were identified as<em>Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella<br />pnuemoniae </em>and<br /><em>Proteus vulgaris. </em>The fungi isolated were <em>Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, </em><em>Rhizopus oryzae</em>and <em>Penicillium chrysogenum. Aspergillus niger</em>s howed highest count and fastest growth pattern<br />among all the isolated fungi.This investigation provides information that could<br />be useful in designing bioremediation protocols for environments polluted with<br />petroleum products.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology2090-08728120160601Comparison of the Effectiveness of Antibacterial Activities of Locally made Black Soap and Some Selected Medicated Soaps on Isolated Human Skin Bacteria47561647710.21608/eajbsg.2016.16477ENAdeyemi S.A.Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilroin, NigeriaOnajobi I.B.Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilroin, NigeriaAgbaje A.B.Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilroin, NigeriaSirajudeen A.O.Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilroin, NigeriaJournal Article20181013The comparative study of the effect of locally made black soap and some medicated soaps like Dettol, Delta, Tetmosol, and Septol were investigated on isolated human skin bacteria using disk diffusion method. The bacteria isolated from the skin were <em>Bacillus species, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, </em>and<em> Staphylococcus species</em>. The results obtained revealed that Tetmosol soap exhibited the highest level of antibacterial activity, which result in the greatest zones of inhibition than other soaps; Black soap, Dettol, Delta, Tetmosol, and Septol on the isolated human skin microflora. Tetmosol soap through this study can thus, be recommended for use since it has the potentials of treating skin diseases caused by these isolated microflora.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology2090-08728120160601Mycotoxin Production by Fungi Isolated from Rice and Stored Grains in Riyadh, KSA57641647810.21608/eajbsg.2016.16478ENMuneera D. F.ALKahtaniPrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia P.O. Box 102275 Riyadh 11675Journal Article20181013We<br />collected 30 samples of cereal crops (Wheat, millet, barley, corn, and rice)<br />stored and offered for sale in Riyadh area markets. It was found that most of<br />these samples were contaminated with fungus <br /><em>Aspergillus</em> <em>sp</em>.(73.2% ), and that the corn crop was<br />highest to be hit by fungus <em>Aspergillus</em> <em>sp</em>. (23.3%) compared to<br />the rest of the crops (wheat 16.6 %), ( barley 13.3%), (millet 10%), and (rice<br />10%). It appeared in this study that most isolated species have the ability to<br />produce aflatoxin. We studied the effect of temperature on the secretion of<br />aflatoxin in isolated fungi; and the results are illustrated in the temperature<br />table.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology2090-08728120160601Endophytic fungi of some medicinal plants in Egypt65781647910.21608/eajbsg.2016.16479ENNaziha M.HassaneinDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Cairo, EgyptMervat M.El-GendyChemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, EgyptNoha M.AbdelhameedDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181013Thirty endophytic fungal species were isolated from eight healthy medicinal plants grown in their natural habitat in Egypt. These plants were basil, green onion, green pepper, mint, roselle, watercress, white radish and tagetes. Isolates were identified on the basis of morphological characteristics into 14 genera namely <em>Acremonium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Cochliobolus, Epicoccum, Fusarium, Geosmithia, Macrophomina, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Scopulariopsis</em> and<em> Trichoderma</em>. Also, a dark septate sterile mycelium isolate belonging to mycelia sterilia group was isolated. These endophytic fungi were evaluated for their biocontrol ability against<em> Fusarium oxysporum</em> the causal agent of wheat root rot disease. <em>Alternaria alternata</em> and <em>Cochliobolus lunatus</em> showed the highest antagonistic activity (71.43 % inhibition value) against the tested<em> Fusarium oxysporum</em> followed by <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> and <em>Cladosporium cladosporioides</em> with percentages of 68.57 % and 60%, respectively.