Isolation and Identification of Bacteria from The Middle Ear, Nose, Pharynx , Phenotypic and Investigation of Biofilm Formation in Isolated Bacteria.

The study included the collection of 120 clinical samples from the middle ear, nose and pharynx regions, 101 showed positive growth, while 19 isolates did not show growth, and for the period between 1-11-2021 to 1-3-2022, from both sexes in different age groups from hospitals (Samarra General - Dhuluiya year), after conducting microscopic and biochemical tests and using the Vitek compact system 2 device, 32 (31.6%) isolates of S. aureus bacteria 19 (18.8%) isolates of   P.  aeruginosa  15 (14.8%)  isolates of  K. pneumonia bacteria 13 ( 12.8%)  isolates of  S. pyogenes 7 (6.9%)  isolates of  E. faecalis 6 (5.9%)  isolates of  M. catarrhalis 5 (4.9%)  isolates of  E. coli 4 (3.9%)  isolates of  P. mirabilis bacteria, the resistance of the diagnosed bacterial isolates to antibiotics was tested by using 10 antibiotics, Azethromycin, Vancomycin, Chloramphenicol, Gentamicin, Penicillin G , Erythromycin, Ceftriaxone, Cephalothin, Amoxcillin clavulinic acid, Cefotaxime , the results showed that most of the isolates had great resistance to these antibiotics, As for the production of biofilm, the micro-standard plate method has been shown .Micro titer Plates Most of the bacterial isolates came to form the biofilm in different proportions. The results showed that the bacteria differ in the rate of biofilm formation and in different proportions. The strongest bacteria in the biofilm formation were P. aeruginosa by 88% and in varying degrees, followed by M. catarrhalis bacteria by 83% and to varying degrees. , followed by E. coli bacteria with a percentage of 80% and to varying degrees, followed by K. pneumoniae bacteria with a percentage of 78% and to varying degrees, followed by P. mirabilis bacteria with a percentage of 75% and to varying degrees, followed by a bacterial S. aureus with a percentage of  71% and with varying degrees.Varying degrees, followed by E. faecalis with a percentage of 70% and in varying degrees. Finally, the least biofilm formation rate came with bacteria S. pyogenes by 67% and to varying degrees. Through our observation of the results, there is a significant relationship between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance. The strongest antibiotic-resistant bacteria was P. aeruginosa, as it resisted most antibiotics, and the strongest biofilm-forming bacteria also came, as well as S. pyogenes came as the least antibiotic-resistant bacteria and also the weakest biofilm-forming bacteria, as well as the rest of Bacterial species resisted most types of antibiotics and came as a good component of biofilms. We conclude that the greater the value of biofilm formation, the greater the ability of bacteria to resist antibiotics. Providing protection for bacteria against host immune response and antibiotics, thus it is an important virulence factor to promote bacterial colonization of host cells and is important in bacterial survival.